the analysis of flow in water-distribution networks with several pumps by the content model may be turned into a non-convex optimization uncertain problem with multiple solutions. newton-based methods such as gga are not able to capture a global optimum in these situations. on the other hand, evolutionary methods designed to use the population of individuals may find a global solution even for ...

Jellyfishes have functionally replaced several overexploited commercial stocks of planktivorous fishes. This is paradoxical, because they use a primitive prey capture mechanism requiring direct contact with the prey, whereas fishes use more efficient visual detection. We have compiled published data to show that, in spite of their primitive life-style, jellyfishes exhibit similar instantaneous ...

It has been widely accepted that there is a close relationship between the land use type and water quality. There have been some researches on this relationship from the perspective of the spatial configuration of land use in recent years. This study aims to analyze the influence of various land use types on the water quality within the Chaohu Lake Basin based on the water quality monitoring da...

this study evaluates the effect of irrigation method on the water use efficiency and yield of onions at the zahak agricultural research station in sistan province. the testing was conducted using a split plot arrangement and a randomized complete block design with three replications during the 2005-2006 crop seasons. irrigation methods were basin and drip tape irrigation and the irrigation leve...

cyphomandra betacea (cav.) is a native species from south america that is cultivated because its fruits have a high content of vitamins. in colombia, it is common to find periods of drought between the rainy seasons or during enso events such as el niño. an adequate nutritional status of k+ in plants helps to increase the chance of tolerating the negative effects of drought stress. regarding th...

abstract in order to investigate the effect of irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer, on yield peanut plant, with furrow method of irrigation and water use efficiency (wue) in management to create a proper and better production, split plot experiment was over taken as in complete randomize blocks with three replications and main plot with 6, 12 and 18 day interval irrigation and no irrigation and ...

abstract one of the ways to increase economic and environmental efficiency of drainage systems is water table management. water table management consists of, controlled drainage and subirrigation. this study examines the effect of controlled drainage on yield, root distribution pattern and water use efficiency of maize (sc 704) in karaj. the experiment was performed as a randomized complete des...

The purpose of this paper is multi-objective optimization of refrigeration cycle by optimization of all components of the cycle contains heat exchangers, air condenser, evaporator and super-heater. Studied refrigeration cycle is compression refrigeration cycle of unit 132 Third refineries in south pars that provide chilled water for cooling refinery equipment's. Cycle will be performed by t...

return maximization or risk minimization is goal in portfolio optimization based on mean variance theory. the structure of correlation matrices and individual variance of each asset are two main factors in optimization with risk minimization object. it’s necessary to use appropriate variance and correlation coefficient for time series with clustering volatilities feature, too. in this research,...

Re-circulating cooling water systems are generally used to remove waste heat from hot process streams in conditions above the ambient temperature in many types of industries such as chemical and petrochemical, electric power generating stations, refrigeration and air conditioning plants, pulp and paper mills, and steel mills. Typical re-circulating cooling water systems are constituted by a mec...