Despite the recent interest in viruses infecting eucaryotic marine microalgae, only 7 viruses infecting marine phytoplankton have been isolated so far. It is therefore worth reviewing isolation techniques and rationalizing the method for obtaining novel microalgal viruses. I consider 7 steps as critical in the isolation procedure: (1) selection of the target host alga, (2) preparation of target...

investigation of projectiles penetration phenomenon has been carried out in non-cohesive soil (sand) targets under dry, saturated and compacted conditions. analytical studies have been performed on the linear and non-linear soil models to obtain penetration depth formulae for ogival nose projectile and the results are verified by experimental studies. in present work, three ogival nose projecti...

in quality control charts, the problem of determining the optimum process mean arises when the deviation of a quality characteristic in one direction is more harmful than in the opposite direction. the failure mode in these two directions is usually different. a great majority of researches in this area have considered asymmet-ric cost function for processes with single quality characteristics....

Forecasting the industrial water demand accurately is crucial for sustainable water resource management. This study investigates industrial water demand forecasting by case-based reasoning (CBR) in an arid area, with a case study of Zhangye, China. We constructed a case base with 420 original cases of 28 cities in China, extracted six attributes of the industrial water demand, and employed a ba...

Millennium Development Goal Target 7c (to halve between 1990 and 2015 the proportion of the global population without sustainable access to safe drinking water), was celebrated as achieved in 2012. However, new studies show that we may be prematurely celebrating. Access to safe drinking water may be overestimated if microbial water quality is considered. The objective of this study was to exami...

Protozoa, such as Cryptosporidium parvum and Giardia lamblia, pose a human health risk when present in drinking water. To minimize health risks, the Nova Scotia Treatment Standards for surface water and groundwater under the direct influence of surface water require a 3-log reduction for Giardia cysts and Cryptosporidium oocysts. This study determined the protozoan risk of municipal surface sou...

OBJECTIVE Acknowledging AIDS as a crosscutting development issue, a Zambian rural water supply project that provides safe accessible water to rural communities embarked on a new initiative to mainstream AIDS into the water sector. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS The work of providing safe water takes the predominantly male workforce away from their spouses and families, into the rural villages of Za...

Background Access to clean water and good sanitation are very important barometers of a healthy nation as the two are sine qua non to reducing many diseases. The interaction between water and sanitation on the one hand and the public health issues arising from in(efficient) systems of water and sanitation on the other hand have been well encapsulated in the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) 7...