The soil water supply is the main factor that limits dryland crop production in China. In a three-year field experiment at a dryland farming experimental station, we evaluated the effects of various straw mulch practices on soil water storage, grain yield, and water use efficiency (WUE) of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum). Field experiments were conducted with six different mulch combinations (...

To evaluate the importance of public-domain transmission of pathogens in drinking-water, an intervention study was carried out by chlorinating the public water-supply system in a village in Pakistan. The water quality improved and reached a geometric mean of 3 Escherichia coli per 100 mL at the last standpipe of the water-supply system. Drinking-water source used and the occurrence of diarrhoea...

In this paper, a novel application of state estimation in environmental engineering is presented. The objective is to use on-line estimation techniques including moving horizon estimator (MHE) and extended Kalman filer (EKF) for an early concentration estimation of toxic agent presented in water supply. These estimation techniques (MHE and EKF) can be integrated in an early warning system of se...

Economic valuation of water is useful in the administration and management of water. Population growth and urbanization caused municipal water demand increase in Iran. Limited water resource supply and urban water network capacity raised complexity in water resources management. Present condition suggests using economic value of water as a criterion for allocating policies and feasibility study...

The main contributions of the paper can be divided into five areas. (a) It tries to explain conceptually, the institutional arrangements for water supply in Chennai and whether the state government’s decision about improving the performance of the water utility depends on particular political circumstances. A plausible explanation is also given of the impact of ground water regulation on the su...

Years of research have called for more science to be integrated into water management decisions and for a shift from supply-side to demand-side management; yet, there remains a strong emphasis on supply-side approaches and in many areas limited attention to hydrological data. A survey and interviews with decision-makers in western North Carolina reveal that there is only low-level concern about...

the increasing number of hazards related to water shortage in different parts of the world and the probability of socio-economic crisis, social stresses and even war occurrence as water shortage impacts; shows that water supply challenges will be more important and widespread than energy supply challenges in future decades. during the time, with population growth, resource demand increase and p...

INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to shed light on damage to water supply facilities and the state of water resource operation at disaster base hospitals in Miyagi Prefecture (Japan) in the wake of the Great East Japan Earthquake (2011), in order to identify issues concerning the operational continuity of hospitals in the event of a disaster. METHODS In addition to interview and written ...