The absorption and circular dichroism (CD) spectra of three types of cyanine dyes with different lengths of methine group (3,3'-diethylthiadicarbocyanine iodide, DTDC; 3,3'-diethylthiacarbocyanine iodide, DTC; and 3,3'-diethylthiacyanine iodide, DTTHC) in an aqueous solution were compared with and without hyaluronic acid (HA), which has a helical structure. DTDC forms chiral H- and J-aggregates...

Viral abundance and processes in the water column and sediments are well studied for some systems; however, we know relatively little about virus-host interactions on particles and how particles influence these interactions. Here we review virus-prokaryote interactions on inorganic and organic particles in the water column. Profiting from recent methodological progress, we show that confocal la...

Aggregates of biogenic origin >0.5 mm, known as marine snow, represent a concentrated potential source of food for zooplankton. Little is known, however, about whether aggregates are commonly grazed by zooplankton in the field. While previous laboratory studies have shown that the euphausiid Euphausia pacifica, and the copepod, Calanus pacificus, common crustacean zooplankters, consume marine s...

The marine sediment hosts a mosaic of microhabitats. Recently it has been demonstrated that the settlement of phycodetrital aggregates can induce local changes in the benthic O2 distribution due to confined enrichment of organic material and alteration of the diffusional transport. Here, we show how this microscale O2 shift substantially affects benthic nitrogen cycling. In sediment incubations...

Proteoglycan fractions were prepared from pig laryngeal cartilage. The effect of link-protein on the properties of proteoglycan-hyaluronate aggregates was examined by viscometry and analytical ultracentrifugation. Aggregates containing link-protein were more stable than link-free aggregates at neutral pH, at temperatures up to 50 degrees C and in urea (up to 4.0M). Oligosaccharides of hyalurona...

The self-assembly of two new types of stable hydrogen-bonded supramolecular aggregates-bisrosettes-that are based on parallel, connected CA3.M3 rosettes is reported. The minimization of intermolecular steric hindrance-peripheral crowding within the aggregate-is proposed as the structural feature responsible for selecting the cyclic CA3'M3 rosette over competing linear hydrogen-bonded networks a...

Problem solving in Answer Set Programming consists of two steps, a first grounding phase, systematically replacing all variables by terms, and a second solving phase computing the stable models of the obtained ground program. An intricate part of both phases is the treatment of aggregates, which are popular language constructs that allow for expressing properties over sets. In this paper, we el...

Water Adsorption on Aggregates of Spherical Aerosol Nano Particles. (August 2005) Chu Nie, B.S., Nanjing University Chair of Advisory Committee: Dr. William H. Marlow A three dimensional integral equation is developed in order to compute water adsorption onto aggregates of spherical aerosol nano particles. The integral equation is derived from molecular density functional theory, with a weighte...

Manure application and crop rotation are common agricultural practices that can alter soil physical properties affect functions. In this study, we assessed the effect of long-term manure fertilization (24 to 126 years) type on hydraulic, aggregate pore structural properties. Samples were collected from three experiments (LTEs) in Sweden (silty clay, SiC), Germany (silt loam, SiL) Denmark (sandy...

The onset of hen egg white lysozyme aggregation on exposure to alkaline pH of 12.2 and subsequent slow growth of soluble lysozyme aggregates (at 298 K) was directly monitored by steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence anisotropy of covalently attached dansyl probe over a period of 24 h. The rotational correlation time accounting for tumbling of lysozyme in solution (40 microM) increased fro...