34 This investigation aimed to explore the effects of inert sugar free drinks described as 35 either ‘performance enhancing’ (placebo) or ‘fatigue inducing’ (nocebo) on peak 36 minute power (PMP;W) during incremental arm crank ergometry (ACE). Twelve 37 healthy, non specifically trained individuals volunteered to take part. A single blind 38 randomized controlled trial with repeated measures wa...

Water intoxication is a rare condition characterised by overconsumption of water. It can occur in athletes engaging in endurance sports, users of MDMA (ecstasy), and patients receiving total parenteral nutrition. This case outlines water intoxication in a patient with psychogenic polydipsia. When the kidney's capacity to compensate for exaggerated water intake is exceeded, hypotonic hyperhydrat...

with the rise of importance of sport as a social phenomenon in recent decades, more public attention has been paid to the issue of the legal nature of the rules governing social relations in sports. the issue raised above are only a part of a much broader topic that involves questions of relations of a classical westphalian state and changes in the international community as well as issues of t...

Background & Aims of the Study:  The present study investigates the factors affecting the implementation of health strategies for the development of student sports in public universities. This study aims to show how the necessary contexts and opportunities are provided for students to achieve a healthy, dynamic, vibrant, recreational, and competitive environment. Also, student sports participat...

In the current world, sports produce considerable statistical information about each player, team, games, and seasons. Traditional sports science believed science to be owned by experts, coaches, team managers, and analyzers. However, sports organizations have recently realized the abundant science available in their data and sought to take advantage of that science through the use of data mini...

Nowadays sponsorship is an important part of sports events. Sports sponsorship offers more benefits, more variety and also it’s a more powerful form of marketing. In general, sponsorship holds a unique position in the marketing mix because it is effective in building brand awareness, provides different marketing platforms and valuable networking and hospitality opportunities. Sponsorship market...