The effect of vacuum pre-cooling process on leaf lettuce was a complex process of heat and mass transfers. Based on the physical properties of leaf lettuce in vacuum pre-cooling process, an unsteady computation model was constructed to analyze the factors affecting vacuum pre-cooling. Some factors such as the pre-cooling temperature, pressure and quantity of the spray-applied water were verifie...

This manuscript describes how to prepare fluidic biochips with Rainbow trout gill epithelial (RTgill-W1) cells for use in a field portable water toxicity sensor. A monolayer of RTgill-W1 cells forms on the sensing electrodes enclosed within the biochips. The biochips are then used for testing in a field portable electric cell-substrate impedance sensing (ECIS) device designed for rapid toxicity...

Approximately one-half of the 50 million pounds of antibiotics produced in the United States are used in agriculture. Because of the intensive use of antibiotics in the management of confined livestock operations, the potential exists for the transport of these compounds and their metabolites into the Nations’s water resources. A commercially available radioimmunoassay method, developed as a sc...

Studies have shown that certain opportunistic pathogenic species of nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) can be present in distributed drinking water. However, detailed information about NTM population composition in drinking water is lacking. Therefore, NTM communities in unchlorinated drinking water from the distribution system of five treatment plants in the Netherlands were characterized using...

the purpose of this experiment was to evaluate the effects of salinity on growth parameters and intestine morphology of the caspian white fish. experiment were used with four treatments include,(freshwater (0ppt), brackish water (5ppt), abrupt transition of fish to the salt water 10ppt: )the fish were transferred from fresh water to salt water immediately) and gradual transition of fish to the ...

the abrasion is a significant issue, especially in machining of rigid steels. a functional and suitable approach for enhancing the heat transfer from machining area is using an intermediate fluid with higher heat transfer potential instead of common fluids. the objective of this experimental study is to discuss production, stability and thermal conductivity examination of water/graphene oxide n...

The prevention and control of legionellosis in water supply systems involves environmental comprehensive sampling. Our aim was to investigate occurrence of Legionella spp. in water supply systems in different administrative districts of Riga, and to find out if there exists a correlation between Legionella spp. positive cases and water source, type of sample, sampling point and temperature of h...

silicon and aluminum sources are most important reactants in the synthesis of zeolite. the use of the silicon source has an important effect on the crystallization of zeolites. also, it can change the properties of the end product. this work reports the influence of three common commercial silica sources such as colloidal silica (ludox am-30), fumed silica and water glass on the crystallinity o...

Multiple pesticides in water samples were successfully analyzed using an Agilent 5975T LTM GC/MSD equipped with an Agilent J&W DB-5ms Ultra Inert low thermal mass column module, with stir bar sorptive extraction and an Agilent Thermal Separation Probe for sample preparation. The method was simple, rapid, effective, and showed good linearity (R2 >0.9914) and high sensitivity for most of the targ...