leakage in water distribution networks causes waste of water and economical losses. in this paper a new method is presented to calculate nodal and pipes leakage in water distribution systems using capabilities of epanet2.10 software. the method estimate the total water losses in the system based on iwa methodology using minimum night flow (mnf) measurements. recognising the pressure dependency ...

this paper presents a multi-objective formulation for optimal siting and sizing of distributed generation (dg) resources in distribution systems in order to minimize the cost of power losses and energy not supplied. the implemented technique is based on a genetic algorithm (ga) and weight method that employed to obtain the best compromise between these costs. simulation results on 33-bus distri...

key distribution is an important problem in wireless sensor networks where sensor nodesare randomly scattered in adversarial environments.due to the random deployment of sensors, a list of keys must be pre-distributed to each sensor node before deployment. to establish a secure communication, two nodes must share common key from their key-rings. otherwise, they can find a key- path in which ens...

This study presents a cost minimization model for the design of water distribution networks. The model uses a recently developed harmony search optimization algorithm while satisfying all the design constraints. The harmony search algorithm mimics a jazz improvisation process in order to find better design solutions, in this case pipe diameters in a water distribution network. The model also in...

High concentration of nitrate is a prevalent problem in water resources. Untreated wastewater due to municipal, industrial and agricultural activities is the main potential source of nitrate contamination of groundwater and surface water. The maximum permissible level of nitrate concentration has been established to be 45 mg/L by WHO and US–EPA. Health problems, such as Methemoglobinemia in bab...

Intrusion of contaminants into water distribution networks requires the simultaneous presence of three elements; contamination source, pathway and driving force. The existence of each of these elements provides ‘partial’ evidence (typically incomplete and non-specific) to the occurrence of contaminant intrusion into distribution networks. Evidential reasoning, also called Dempster-Shafer (DS) t...

The paper approaches the optimization of water distribution networks supplied from one or more node sources, according to demand variation. Traditionally, in pipe optimization, the objective function is always focused on the cost criteria of network components. In this study an improved linear model is developed, which has the advantage of using not only cost criteria, but also energy consumpti...

The mathematical modeling of fracture networks is critical for the exploration and development of natural resources. Fractures can help the production of petroleum, water, and geothermal energy. They also greatly influence the drainage and production of methane gas from coal beds. Orientation and spatial distribution of fractures in rocks are important factors in controlling fluid flow. The obj...

In order to supply drinking water efficiently, aspects such as saving energy and resources become more and more relevant besides the task of ensuring water quality. In this context, simulating water supply networks is of increasing importance as it helps water suppliers to estimate and improve effectiveness of their facilities with respect to economy and ecology. However, modeling and computing...

Optimal sensor placement for detecting contamination events in water distribution systems is a well explored problem in water distribution systems security. We study herein the problem of sensor placement in water networks to minimize the consumption of contaminated water prior to contamination detection. For any sensor placement, the average consumption of contaminated water prior to event det...