Carbon dioxide (CO2) is an established alternate angiographic contrast agent, which can be delivered by pump or hand injection. We describe a simple, safe and inexpensive hand injection system that delivers a known volume of CO2 at atmospheric pressure and prevents contamination with room air.

We present an experimental study on the formation and dissociation characteristics of carbon dioxide (CO2) gas hydrates using Raman spectroscopy. The CO2 hydrates were formed from sodium chloride/water solutions with salinities of 0-10 wt %, which were pressurized with liquid CO2 in a stirred vessel at 6 MPa and a subcooling of 9.5 K. The formation of the CO2 hydrate resulted in a hydrate gel w...

The Oil & Gas Journal, in 2004, states that CO2 flooding is the fastest-growing enhanced oil recovery technique in USA, and production derived from CO2 projects has more than tripled from 50,000-Barrels/day to 200,000-Barrels/day. Cyclic injection of CO2 and N2 combines environmental benefits attendant to reducing CO2 concentrations in the atmosphere and economic benefits realized through impro...

Fig. 1 Colour change of CO2-sensing pigment exposed to 100% CO2. A number of optical indicators have been developed in recent years to detect the presence of CO2 at different levels, depending on the desired application. The majority of CO2 indicators work via the change in pH which occurs when CO2 dissolves in water. A pH-sensitive dye, D , changes colour when it reacts with the protons genera...

in this paper, the role of molecular diffusion in mobilization of waterflood residual oil is examined. a moving mesh method is applied to solve the moving interface problem of residual oil blobs swelling by co2 diffusion through a blocking water phase. the results of this modeling are compared with experimental results of a 2d glass micromodel experiment. although, the solution method is applie...

Advanced and Integrated Petrophysical Characterization for CO2 Storage: Application to the Ketzin Site — Reservoir simulations and monitoring of CO2 storage require specific petrophysical data. We show a workflow that can be applied to saline aquifers and caprocks in order to provide the minimum data set for realistic estimations of storage potential and perform pertinent simulations of CO2 inj...

Currently, global warming has been a serious issue, which is closely related to anthropogenic emission of Greenhouse Gas (GHG) in the atmosphere, particularly Carbon Dioxide (CO2). To help achieve carbon neutrality by decreasing CO2 emissions, Oxy-Fuel Combustion (OFC) technology becoming hot topic recent years. However, few findings have reported about implementation OFC dual-injection Spark I...

This paper reports the formation and dissociation pattern of hydrate crystals with varying compositions CH4 CO2 in porous media. Direct visualization was carried out using a high-pressure, water-wet, silicon wafer-based micromodel pore network resembling sandstone rock. Hydrate were formed under reservoir conditions (P = 45–65 bar T 1.7–3.5 °C) from either two-phase system consisting liquid wat...

A young potted oak (Quercus robur L.) tree was subjected to drought by interrupting the water supply for 9 days. The tree was placed in a growth chamber in which daily patterns of temperature and radiation were constant. The effects of drought on the water and carbon status of the stem were examined by measuring stem sap flow rate, stem water potential, stem diameter variations, stem CO(2) effl...

This project aims to demonstrate techniques for quantitatively predicting the combined seismic signatures of CO2 saturation, chemical changes to the rock frame, and pore pressure. This will be accomplished (i) by providing a better understanding the reaction kinetics of CO2-bearing reactive fluids with rock-forming minerals, and (ii) by quantifying how the resulting long-term, CO2-injection-ind...