abstract this mixed method study examines whether there is any relationship among the variables of the study (job satisfaction, social capital and motivation). the researcher considered job satisfaction and social capital as independent variables; motivation is the dependent variable of the study. the researcher applied a questionnaire to assess each variable. to measure efl teachers’ job sati...

Increasing the altitude causes extensive changes in the environmental conditions. Three species of Quercus brantii Lindl., Pistacia atlantica Desf. and Crataegus pontica C. Koch. are the dominant species in the forests of Ilam province. The sampling was done from Qalajeh Mountain at the altitude from 1300-2000 m a.s.l. The effect of altitude on photosynthesis, photosynthetic pigments and some b...

the skill of reading in english as a foreign language is an important and challenging one which is affected both by linguistic and extra linguistic factors. since vocabularies are part and parcel of every reading comprehension text, knowing enough vocabulary always facilitates this process. however, guessing strategy as one of the most important strategies has consistently ignored by language l...

Background and Objectives: Today, lack of knowledge and misconceptions are the most important reasons for an increasing trend toward waterpipe tobacco smoking (WTS) worldwide. The aim of this study was to determine the knowledge and attitude of adults of city of Kerman towards WTS. Materials and Methods: This descriptive study was performed on 1090 adults selected by multi-stage random samplin...

abstract this study examines the relationship between reading anxiety and difficulty of texts as well as the relationship between reading anxiety and students perceived difficulty of the texts. since difficulty is a relative concept, i limited its definition by sticking to the readability formula. we also took students perceived difficulty levels into account. therefore, in the present study, ...

this thesis attempts to investigate the effects of prelistening activities on enhancing iranian efl learners` listening comprehension. the present study investigated ways in which learners` background knowledge could be activated in order to enhance their l2 listening comprehension by limiting the number of possible text interpretations prior to listening. the experiments conducted in this stud...

   Background & Aims: Disturbance of the experience, expression of emotions, difficulty in identifying and describing feelings (Alexithymia), negative affectivity, social inhibition (Type-D personality) may influence general health. The aim of the current study was to investigate the relationship and predictability general health through alexithymia and Type-D personality. Materials & Methods: ...

toury (1978:200) believes that translation is a kind of activity which inevitably involves at least two languages and two cultural traditions. being polite while asking for something takes place differently in different cultures and languages, therefore various strategies may be applied for making requests and also translation of them in order not to disturb or threaten the face or better to sa...