The nematode Spirocerca lupi (S. lupi) induces sarcoma in the dog oesophagus in about 25% of cases. The aim of this study was to compare the differences in the cytokine milieu between dogs with neoplastic (n=29) and non-neoplastic disease (n=49) and age- and gender-matched healthy controls (n=25). We measured IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-18, GM-CSF and MCP-1 in a specific canine multiplex ...

Objective Contralateral suppression of oto acoustic emission (OAE) is referred as activation of efferent system. Previous literature mentioned about the importance of contralateral suppression of OAEs as a tool to assess efferent system in different groups of population. There is dearth of literature to explore the efferent system function in experienced musicians exposed to rock music using TE...

χ Value in the Chi-square distribution used to test for significant differences between three (or more) independent groups when using the Kruskall-Wallis non-parametric analysis of variance where the dependent variable is measured on an ordinal scale. p Probability of making a type I decision error. U Critical value in the Mann-Whitney U test to test for significant differences between two inde...

AIM The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of polishing systems on the microleakage of a nanofill, a nanohybrid, and a microhybrid composite in Class V cavities. METHODS AND MATERIALS Preparations were made at the cemento-enamel junction (CEJ) of 36 extracted human premolars. The teeth were randomly divided into three groups and restored with new resin composites according to...

This paper analyzes collective choices in a society with strategic voters and single-crossing preferences. It shows that, in addition to single-peakedness, single-crossingness is another meaningful domain which guarantees the existence of non-manipulable social choice functions. A social choice function is shown to be anonymous, unanimous and strategy-proof on single-crossing domains if and onl...

Introduction The number of people travelling to high altitude regions, especially in South America, Nepal and India, has risen enormously in the past 10 years. Alongside this increasing popularity of altitude trekking there has been an increase in the number of service expeditions. In October 2000, a Joint Service Expedition spent a month in Nepal attempting to scale Lobuche East, one of the tr...