background: echinococcosis is a parasitic disease with worldwide distribution which is caused by the tapeworms echinococcus granulosus . diagnosis of the disease relies on imaging techniques, but the techniques are not able to differentiate the cyst from benign or malignant tumors; hence, appropriate serologic methods are required for the differential diagnosis of the infection. materials and m...

the steel shear wall and composite steel plate shear wall is introduced in recent three decade and is considered and is spread rapidly. composite steel plate shear wall which is made of a layer of thin steel sheet with coating of reinforced concrete in one or both sides of steel palate is considered a third generation of resistance shear walls against lateral loads that in addition to increasin...