Motor control can be achieved in the absence of awareness, even when performed intentionally. The aim of this study was to understand the mechanisms of the sudden awareness of our own movement. This was studied in locomotion because it is an automatic behavior which can be intentionally modulated. Subjects walked continuously with the instruction to maintain either a constant walking speed (com...

[Purpose] The aim of this study was to clarify the effects of an automated stride assistance device on gait parameters and energy cost during walking performed by healthy middle-aged and young females. [Subjects and Methods] Ten middle-aged females and 10 young females were recruited as case and control participants, respectively. The participants walked for 3 minutes continuously under two dif...

OBJECTIVE To examine the frequency domain characteristics of the ground reaction forces of young and elderly females during free walking. DESIGN Independent t-tests were used to examine the frequency content of all three components of the ground reaction force. BACKGROUND Frequency domain analysis has the potential to assist in identifying changes in gait that may be masked in the time doma...

In this paper we establish a one-to-one correspondence between S1-gerbes with connections, on the one hand, and their holonomies, for simply connected manifolds, or their parallel transports, in the general case, on the other hand. This result is a higher-order analogue of the familiar equivalence between bundles with connections and their holonomies for connected manifolds. The holonomy of a g...

The parallel linear transports defined by flat linear connection are axiomatically described. On this basis a number of properties, some of which are new, of these transports and connections are derived.

The (parallel linear) transports in tensor spaces generated by derivations of the tensor algebra along paths are axiomatically described. Certain their properties are investigated. Transports along paths defined by derivations of the tensor algebra over a differentiable manifold are considered.

People prefer gaits that minimize their energetic cost. Research focused on step frequency selection suggests that a fast predictive process and a slower optimization process underlie this energy optimization. Our purpose in this study was to test whether the mechanisms controlling step frequency selection are used more generally to select one of the most relevant characteristics of walking - p...

Walking time prediction aims to deduce waiting time and travel time for passengers and provide a quantitative basis for the subway schedule management. This model is founded based on transfer passenger flow and type of pedestrian facilities. Chaoyangmen station in Beijing was taken as the learning set to obtain the relationship between transfer walking speed and passenger volume. The sectional ...

Courtship behaviours allow animals to interact and display their qualities before committing to reproduction. In fly courtship, the female decides whether or not to mate and is thought to display receptivity by slowing down to accept the male. Very little is known on the neuronal brain circuitry controlling female receptivity. Here we use genetic manipulation and behavioural studies to identify...