INTRODUCTION Sleep disturbances in elderly medical inpatients are common, but their relationship to delirium and dementia has not been studied. METHODS Sleep and delirium status were assessed daily for a week in 145 consecutive newly admitted elderly acute general hospital patients using the Delirium Rating Scale-Revised-98 (DRS-R98), Diagnostic and Statistical Manual 5, and Richards-Campbell...

This paper provides an investigation into the in uence of wake and skew on a ship propeller performance, based on the potential Boundary Element Method (BEM). Two types of in ow wake from a ship (i.e. Seiun-Maru and MS689) have been investigated for two propeller types; a Conventional Propeller (CP) and a Highly Skewed Propeller (HSP). The computed results include pressure distribution, open wa...

Circadian rhythm sleep disorders are poorly understood and often misdiagnosed. They are all related to the timing of sleep within the 24-hour day. This paper describes a patient with a long history of sleep disturbance whom we diagnosed as having delayed sleep phase syndrome by history and measurement of urinary melatonin metabolite excretion. Literature on the characteristics, diagnosis and ma...

BACKGROUND The fact that most women experience sleep changes across the menstrual cycle is thought to be associated with changes in circadian rhythms; however, few studies have investigated this relationship. METHODS We applied an ultrashort sleep-wake schedule to eight healthy women and studied diurnal fluctuations in sleep propensity, sleepiness, rectal temperature, and serum concentrations...

Neuroscientists' efforts to better understand the underlying processes of human consciousness are growing in a variety of multidisciplinary approaches. Relevant within these are the studies aimed at exploring the physiological substratum of the propagation and reduction of cerebral-namely, corticocortical-communication flows. However, the preferential direction of the information flow between b...

Understanding how moving organisms generate locomotor forces is fundamental to the analysis of aerodynamic and hydrodynamic flow patterns that are generated during body and appendage oscillation. In the past, this has been accomplished using two-dimensional planar techniques that require reconstruction of three-dimensional flow patterns. We have applied a new, fully three-dimensional, volumetri...

Melatonin secretion decreases with age and in neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). Sundown syndrome (“sundowning”), characterized by agitation, wandering, anxiety, aggression confusion the evening at night is prevalent among demented patients [1,2]. Delirious state a very common complication severe dementia, dysregulation of sleep-wake cycle one characteristic finding durin...

The present study investigated aspects of sleep quality in ecstasy and cannabis users. Two-hundred and twenty seven participants (117 ecstasy/polydrug users, 53 cannabis users and 57 drug naive participants) took part. The participants completed measures of daytime sleepiness, and indicators of sleep quality. The results demonstrated that ecstasy/polydrug users viewed themselves as being more e...

The levels of several hormones fluctuate according to the light and dark cycle and are also affected by sleep, feeding, and general behavior. The regulation and metabolism of several hormones are influenced by interactions between the effects of sleep and the intrinsic circadian system; growth hormone, melatonin, cortisol, leptin, and ghrelin levels are highly correlated with sleep and circadia...