Vulva paragangliomas are rare and usually misdiagnosed or missed diagnosed, especially those come from juvenile. We described a functional paraganglioma derived from vulva, which was misdiagnosed with clear cell carcinoma, and the vaginal wall was invaded by this mass. The patient was a 17-year-old Chinese girl. The tumor was surgical removed smoothly. The girl has been followed-up for eighteen...

Vulvovaginectomy and neo-urethrostomy were performed in a 9-year-old German shepherd dog following a diagnosis of infiltrative vulvar and vestibulovaginal haemangiosarcoma. The dog was presented for intermittent vulvar haemorrhage over a 3-month period. On examination the vulva and vestibulovagina were distended and firm. Vaginal discharge and fine needle aspiration cytology detected anaplastic...

Actinomycosis is a chronic suppurative granulomatous infection of subcutaneous tissues caused by bacterium Actinomyces israelii. It is a normal commensal of the oral cavity, gastrointestinal tract, respiratory tract, and vagina. Infection is first established locally by breach of mucosal barrier during various procedures, aspiration, trauma, or human bite. Rarely, it may spread through hematoge...