Urinary incontinence is a common problem in paediatric population and can be caused by many disturbances. To diagnose isolated nocturnal enuresis it is important to exclude physical anomalies that can lead to urinary incontinence. Sacral agenesis is a rare defect of vertebral column which can occur as an isolated defect or coexist with other anomalies. Mild clinical symptoms of the defect may d...

BACKGROUND Agenesis of the corpus callosum (ACC) is a developmental brain malformation associated with a wide spectrum of structural brain abnormalities and genetic loci. To characterize the diverse callosal morphologies and malformations of brain development associated with ACC, we report on the neuroimaging findings of 201 individuals diagnosed with corpus callosal abnormalities. METHODS We...

Unilateral pulmonary artery agenesis (UPAA) is an uncommon congenital anomaly and most patients present in neonatal period with respiratory symptoms. Left-sided pulmonary artery agenesis is less frequent than right-sided and is sometimes associated with cardiac anomalies. We report a patient with a history of repaired ventricular septal defect, who presented with cough and hemoptysis and the di...

Agenesis of the pineal gland has rarely been reported in the medical literature. Herein, we report a cadaveric specimen found to have agenesis of the pineal gland. The remaining gross examination of the brain was normal. A review of the literature was performed on this unusual finding.

OBJECTIVE Herein we report an additional case of a seminal vesicle cyst with ipsilateral renal agenesis and ectopic ureter in an asymptomatic individual with a normal examination. METHODS We review the literature on retrovesical mas regarding the embryology, evaluation, management and treatment.. RESULTS/CONCLUSIONS Seminal vesicle cysts with ipsilateral renal agenesis and ectopic ureter m...

A new genus and species of ophichthid eel, Sympenchelys taiwanensis is described. The genus is distinguishable from all other myrophine genera by having neural and haemal spines with well-developed paddle-like tips, and from two closely similar genera, Mureaenichthys Bleeker 1853 and Skythrenchelys Castle & McCosker 1999, by the following combination of characters: an unconstricted gill opening...

A technique for repairing in one stage, wide complete palatal cleft of congenital origin with obvious shortening of the soft palate, is described. Mucoperiosteal flaps were obtained from vomer bone and palate while muco-muscular flap from posterior pharyngeal wall by means of a simple technique. A layer closure was used to fill in the palatal defect. This technique was used successfully in 24 o...

Our technique is performed under general anesthesia with oral intubation. The nose is decongested with 0.05% xylometazoline hydrochloride solution. Examination is performed with a 2.1 mm rigid endoscope. After insertion of an oral gag, a suture is used to retract the soft palate forwards. The atretic choanae are visualized with a 120° rigid endoscope transorally (Figure 1a). Urethral sounds (5F...