Robinsonian matrices arise in the classical seriation problem and play an important role in many applications where unsorted similarity (or dissimilarity) information must be reordered. We present a new polynomial time algorithm to recognize Robinsonian matrices based on a new characterization of Robinsonian matrices in terms of straight enumerations of unit interval graphs. The algorithm is si...

this study aims at investigating a sexual vocabulary in qur’an, by clarriffaying ephemestic styles, adopted in “qur’an”, to refer to the taboo vocabulary, the study depends on “kashaaf” of “al zamakhshary”. the study results in the facts that sexual vocabulary, from the majority of the taboo words. these vocabularies may have close or distint meaning in relation to the taboo words. thus, the me...

We here investigate on the complexity of computing the tree-length and the tree-breadth of any graph G, that are respectively the best possible upper-bounds on the diameter and the radius of the bags in a tree decomposition of G. Path-length and path-breadth are similarly defined and studied for path decompositions. So far, it was already known that tree-length is NP-hard to compute. We here pr...

most of the studies on the key word method of second/foreign language vocabulary learning have been based on the evidence from laboratory experiments and have primarily involved the use of english key words to learn the vocabularies of other languages. furthermore, comparatively quite limited number of such studies is done in authentic classroom contexts. the present study inquired into the eff...

The importance of vocabulary learning has been underlined in the field of English for Academic Purposes (EAP) because non-English majors who require reading English texts in their fields of study have to expand their English vocabulary knowledge much more efficiently than ordinary ESL/EFL learners. Since academic vocabulary instruction in Iranian universities is realized through the use of Gene...

Traditional and modern vocabulary instruction techniques have been introduced in the past few decades to improve the learners’ performance in reading comprehension. Semantic mapping, which entails drawing learners’ attention to the interrelationships among lexical items through graphic organizers, is claimed to enhance vocabulary learning significantly. However, whether this technique suits all...

this study investigated the amount of incidental vocabulary learning through comprehension-focused reading of short stories and explicit instruction to this goal.  forty male high school students were selected randomly, and divided into two groups of twenty.  one group of these students was given five 400-word-level short stories to read with the purpose of comprehension, and the students in th...

the present study is an attempt to contribute to the l2 acquisition research through finding an appropriate answer to the question usually asked by both language teachers and learners, namely how to learn vocabulary and how to retain meanings in memory over time. we have chosen to discover the effects of two major types of productive exercises, writing and oral production exercises, on the reme...

This study aimed at investigating the impact of closed-caption program on listening comprehension of English movies and vocabulary learning. Sixty-four graduate students studying at Shiraz Islamic Azad University were selected as the participants of the study. The participants were divided into two groups: experimental group (with closed caption program) and control group (without closed captio...