Among non-invasive Brain Computer Interfaces (BCIs), electroencephalogram (EEG) has been the most commonly used for them because EEG is advantageous in terms of its simplicity and ease of use, which meets BCI specifications when considering practical use. In general, EEG signals (EEGs) can be classified into two categories, spontaneous EEGs and stimulus evoked EEGs. Focusing on stimulus evoked ...

Transient pattern electroretinograms (PERGs) and visual evoked potentials (VEPs) were recorded with checkerboard pattern reversal and equiluminance stimulus onset-offset, elicited by a high quality moving mirror stimulator. Different sized checkerboard patterns (0.35-4.2 c/deg) were used as stimulus patterns. The wave forms of the equiluminance stimulus onset responses were similar to ERGs evok...

The electroretinogram (ERG, retina) and visual evoked potential (VEP, brain) are widely used in vivo tools assaying the integrity of the visual pathway. Current recordings in preclinical models are conducted under anesthesia, which alters neural physiology and contaminates responses. We describe a conscious wireless ERG and VEP recording platform in rats. Using a novel surgical technique to chr...

The electrophysiological results in 51 patients with diabetes mellitus type II were compared with those in 30 age and sex matched healthy control subjects. Peripheral and cortical latencies of median and tibial somatosensory evoked potentials (SEP), bilateral I-III and I-V interpeak latencies (IPL) of brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEP), bilateral P100 latency of visual evoked potential...

PURPOSE To identify objective criteria to quantify visual function in the rat for developing therapeutic strategies to protect neuronal cells after ischemia. The impact of ocular ischemia on luminance and frequency-modulated contrast vision was compared with the function of outer retinal cells and the number of intact retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). METHOD Ischemia was induced in Brown-Norway ...

OBJECTIVES During surgeries that put the visual pathway at risk of injury, continuous monitoring of the visual function is desirable. However, the intraoperative monitoring of the visual evoked potential (VEP) is not yet widely used. We evaluate here the clinical utility of intraoperative VEP monitoring. METHODS We analyzed retrospectively 46 consecutive surgeries in 2011-2013. High luminance...

Clinical observation of the neuropsychiatric condition, psychometric tests, and EEG recordings has been used to diagnose hepatic encephalopathy. However, no standardization for the diagnosis of minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE) has been achieved. According to the study in normal subjects, visual electrophysiology testing is a method of simple, objective record for the medical examination, wh...

BACKGROUND Auditory stimulation is often used to evoke responses in unresponsive patients who have suffered severe brain injury. In order to investigate visual responses, we examined visual evoked potentials (VEPs) and behavioral responses to visual stimuli in vegetative patients during recovery to consciousness. METHODS Behavioral responses to visual stimuli (visual localization, comprehensi...

Visual evoked potentials (VEPs) were assessed in 50 adult type I (insulin-dependent) and 19 type II (noninsulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus patients and in 54 controls. P100 wave latency was significantly longer in diabetic patients (P less than .001). Twenty-eight percent of diabetic patients had P100 wave latencies above the normal range. There was no correlation between P100 latency and typ...

OBJECTIVE Patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) may have sensory dysfunction, and it can be more easily demonstrated through electrophysiologic testing. We aimed to explore whether the impairment of brainstem visual and auditory passageway exists in PD patients using visual evoked potential (VEP) and brainstem auditory evoked potential (BAEP) examinations. METHODS Forty-two PD cases and thir...