The gradual depletion of energy resources makes it necessary to optimize their use and to reuse them. Although great advances have already been made in optimizing energy generation processes, many of these processes generate energy that inevitably gets wasted. A clear example of this are nuclear, thermal and carbon power plants, which lose a large amount of energy that could otherwise be used f...

A rapidly increasing share of renewable energy resources (RES) poses enormous challenges with respect to a market and grid integration in Germany. Whereas market related integration is encouraged through additional incentives, grid conformity is realized by means of requirements on voltage and frequency support required for RES and decentralized generation (DG). Nevertheless, grid restrictions ...

Currently, many socially responsible governments adopt economic incentives and deterrents to manage environmental impacts of electricity suppliers. Considering the Stackelberg leadership of the government, the government’s role in the competition of power plants in an electricity market is investigated. A one-population evolutionary game model of power plants is developed to study how their pro...

First of all, the box theorem is extended to the interval plants with the fixed delay. An approach is presented to design the PID controller for interval plants with the fixed delay, which can obtain all of the stabilizing PID controllers. Then, using Hermite–Biehler theorem, extreme point results are provided by the virtual quasi-polynomials. When two virtual and two vertex quasi-polynomials c...

T raditionally, nuclear power plants (NPPs) have been considered as baseload sources of electricity as they rely on a technology with high fixed costs and low variable costs. In the beginning of the nuclear era, the share of nuclear power in the overall energy mix was usually small, and adjustments of electric load in response to variations in electricity demand could be left to technologies wi...

Semi-industrial pilot plants are the best experimental domain for advanced control systems testing with the real-world instrumentation. At the same time, inexpensive flexible process real-time simulators and virtual soft controllers are indispensable in the research and education field. Integrating control instrumentation of varying manufacturers, plant simulators, and virtual controllers into ...

A direct virtual power control algorithm is presented in this paper for VSC-HVDC startup. This control algorithm is based on direct power control (DPC) and expands the range of DPC. When the VSC converter AC side open circuit or the AC side current is zero, the control algorithm maintains the DPC feedback loop by introducing a virtual power, so that the DPC is able to control the AC output volt...