Midbrain dopamine (DA) neurons respond to sensory stimuli associated with future rewards. When reward is delivered probabilistically, DA neurons reflect this uncertainty by increasing their firing rates in a period between the sensory cue and reward delivery time. Probability of reward, however, has been externally conveyed by visual cues, and it is not known whether DA neurons would signal unc...

Immunofluorescence techniques allow the determination of protein and small molecule distribution within tissues and individual cells. There have been important, innovative modifications of these techniques since their introduction to the biosciences including the use of a mounting medium that prevents photo-bleaching, non-ionic detergents to permeabilize membranes, multiple immunofluorescence l...

This study aims to determine the composition of oxide, characteristics palm shell and coir, silica gel synthesized. The oxide composition, crystallinity, coir ash functional groups were analyzed using XRF, XRD, FTIR. Analysis crystallinity FT-IR XRD. results showed SiO2 in was 76%, form quartz cristobalite more dominant than amorphous SiO2. synthesis success indicated by appearance peaks with l...

OBJECTIVES We hypothesized that progressive whole-body vibration (WBV) superimposed to progressive high intensity resistance training has greater effects on muscle cross-sectional area (CSA), muscle force of leg muscles, and jump performance than progressive high intensity resistance training alone. METHODS Two groups of healthy male subjects performed either 6 weeks of Resistive Vibration Ex...

Abstract A gas relay is an important non-electric protection device for transformers. Under the action of vibration caused by sudden short circuit impact, misoperation leads to transformer tripping accidents frequently. In order explore relationship between intensity and anti-vibration performance during a circuit, capacity test were carried out. The analysis data shows that process will cause ...

Abstract Metamaterials have been extensively studied because of their bandgap characteristics, which can be used in vibration isolation. Current studies on the effect attenuation metamaterials mainly focus amplitude, velocity, and acceleration. The structure intensity is a more effective approach to evaluating vibration. In this study, structural method adopted describe suppression elastic meta...

To better understand how a stream of sensory data is transformed into a percept, we examined neuronal activity in vibrissal sensory cortex, vS1, together with vibrissal motor cortex, vM1 (a frontal cortex target of vS1), while rats compared the intensity of two vibrations separated by an interstimulus delay. Vibrations were "noisy," constructed by stringing together over time a sequence of velo...

An instrument was developed for measuring real time changes in the surface tension and viscosity of multicomponent droplets of miscible liquids and other soft materials. Droplets containing glycerol and water were supported on superamphiphobic surfaces and vibrated by applying a short mechanical impulse. Laser light was refracted through the droplets and allowed to fall on the surface of a phot...

this research is carried out to design and manufacturing of lathe vibration tool and their tests. firstly, one-dimensional vibration tool is designed and made of the bending vibration mode. one-dimensional vibration tool with half piezoelectric rings is considered to excite the bending mode of tool. structure of vibration tool is designed in abaqus software about 20 khz and then is made with re...