Roads and traffic are pervasive components of landscapes throughout the world: they cause wildlife mortality, disrupt animal movements, and increase the risk of extinction. Expensive engineering solutions, such as overpasses and tunnels, are increasingly being adopted to mitigate these effects. Although some species readily use such structures, their success in preventing population extinction ...

We deal with the problem of computing maximal viability sets for nonlinear continuous or hybrid systems. Our main objective is to beat the curse of dimensionality, that is, we wan to avoid the exponential growth of required computational resource with respect to the dimension of the system. We propose a randomized approach for viability computation: we avoid griding the state-space, and use ran...

From the perspective of viability, we critically examine the attractiveness of urban social technologies. We discuss two inherent difficulties in design of this type of technology, namely intentional design of social activity and the need for social innovation a long side a technical innovation. Finally, we touch upon the relevance of ethnographic inspired methods in the design of urban social ...

Necessary and sufficient conditions for a set-valued map K : R ։ R to be GDQ-differentiable are given. It is shown that K is GDQ differentiable at t0 if and only if it has a local multiselection that is Cellina continuously approximable and Lipschitz at t0. It is also shown that any minimal GDQ of K at (t0, y0) is a subset of the contingent derivative of K at (t0, y0), evaluated at 1. Then this...

After reading Part IV of this series of nuclear cardiology articles, the reader should be able to describe: (a) the differences between SPECT and PET techniques; (b) the various radiopharmaceuticals and imaging protocols used for detecting viability with SPECT; (c) the different radiopharmaceuticals and imaging protocols used for detecting viability with PET; and (d) the imaging patterns observ...

Probiotics are viable by definition, and viability of probiotics is often considered to be a prerequisite for the health benefits. Indeed, the overwhelming majority of clinical studies in the field have been performed with viable probiotics. However, it has also been speculated that some of the mechanisms behind the probiotic health effects may not be dependent on the viability of the cells and...

Worldwide popularity of probiotic- microorganisms and their products on the one hand, and their general weak viability in food products (especially fermented types) as well as gastrointestinal conditions on the other hand, has encouraged researchers to innovate different methods of probiotics viability improvement.  Microencapsulation of the probiotic cells is one of the newest and highly effic...

Influences on viability and germination of seeds have been studied intensively for many years, particularly for the numer-ous commercially important agricultural, ornamental, and timber species. High germinating seed lots may differ substantially in field emergence when sown at the same time in the same field, and/or may differ in performance after storage in the same environment or transport t...

The combined effects of inoculation level (4 or 8-fold compared to standard inoculation) and sequence (standard inoculation before fermentation and 3-fold inoculation at the end of fermentation=1+3, Two-fold inoculation before fermentation and the same at the end of fermentation=2+2, 2+6, 4-fold before fermentation=4, 4+4, and 8) of culture inoculum containing probiotics on biochemical and micr...