Purpose The goal of this article is to introduce the pause marker (PM), a single-sign diagnostic marker proposed to discriminate early or persistent childhood apraxia of speech (CAS) from speech delay.

Communication includes all the ways that human beings can influence others. This involves not only speaking or writing, but also all human behavior in various ways, so there are two types of communicational signs that human beings use: verbal and non-verbal signs. In communication science, special attention has been paid to how non-verbal signs influence message transmission. The research has s...

objective: the objective of this study is to evaluate verbal and mathematical skills among young children. method: the population of this study is composed of 5 and 6 years old children from nursary schools of the welfare organization in east of tehran. an 10 test on 218 children, was administrated and 120 individuals were selected as the subjects for the present study. the 10 of these subjects...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES There is an emerging evidence base for the use of music therapy in the treatment of severe mental illness. Whilst different models of music therapy have been developed in mental health care, none have specifically accounted for the features and context of acute in-patient settings. This review aimed to identify how music therapy is provided for acute adult psychiatric ...

One Hertz (1 Hz) repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is an effective therapy for auditory verbal hallucinations (AVH). Theta burst protocols (TBS) show longer after-effects. This single-blind, randomized controlled study compared continuous TBS with 1Hz rTMS in a 10-day treatment. Patients were diagnosed with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. TBS demonstrated equal clin...

Abstract Objective The great majority of patients with childhood leukemia become long-term survivors. They treated with chemotherapy and prophylactic central nervous system (CNS) irradiation. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate effect of the long-term toxicity in ALL survivors, and possible effects of this treatment on their intellectual in compare with their sibling. Mater...

OBJECTIVE The effects of estrogen on comprehension of metaphoric speech, word fluency, and verbal ability were investigated in women suffering from schizophrenia. The issue of estrogen-dependent neuropsychological performance could be highly relevant because women with schizophrenia frequently suffer from hypoestrogenism. METHOD A placebo-controlled, double-blind, crossover study using 17beta...

Verbal short-term memory (STM) impairment is one of the most consistent associated deficits observed in developmental reading disorders such as dyslexia. Few studies have addressed the nature of this STM impairment, especially as regards the ability to temporarily store serial order information. This question is important as studies in typically developing children have shown that serial order ...