Filtered bipolar catheter electodes, I mm apart, were used to pace and record from the high right atrium, right ventricular apex, right ventricular outflow tract, right ventricular inflow tract, middle cardiac vein, great cardiac vein, and endocardium of the left ventricular septal surface. Right ventricular apex to middle cardiac vein and the middle cardiac vein to right ventricular apex condu...

Pulmonary vein stenosis is recognised as a rare, silent cause of pulmonary hypertension. ' The condition can occur with or without intracardiac anomalies. '3 The presence of lesions, such as ventricular septal defect, which cause pulmonary hypertension in their own right, can make suspicion of associated pulmonary venous obstruction difficult. In only one of the four reported cases4-7 of ventri...

We report a patient with profound hypovolemia who developed dynamic left ventricular outflow tract obstruction and severe mitral regurgitation. Both the outflow tract obstruction and mitral regurgitation resolved with volume replacement. Unlike previous reports of dynamic left ventricular outflow obstruction and mitral regurgitation, the degree of mitral regurgitation was severe. Possible mecha...

A male infant was delivered at 37 weeks of gestation via cesarean delivery because of minimal fetal heart tone variability and late fetal decelerations to a 31-year-old mother whose pregnancy was complicated by maternal type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic hypertension. Fetal echocardiography had been performed at 20 weeks of gestation , which showed a structurally normal heart without ventricu...

Congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries (CCTGA) is a rare congenital heart disease characterized by atrioventricular (AV) and ventriculo-arterial discordance;(1) that is, the left ventricle supports the pulmonary circulation and the right ventricle supports the systemic circulation. The most common cardiac anomalies in CCTGA include ventricular septal defect, pulmonary outflo...

Anomalous courses of the left innominate vein have rarely been described in anatomical specimens. Investigative techniques such as angiography and echocardiography have brought to light more instances of this anomaly. Three more cases identified by anatomical study are described. Earlier cases were reviewed to assess the type of associated cardiac malformations. Clinically, the abnormality is r...

The families of 424 adult index patients with ventricular septal defect, right ventricular outflow tract obstruction, or combinations of these two abnormalities, were visited and interviewed, and whenever possible the children of index patients were examined clinically. Congenital heart defects were present in 9 of 308 children, 8 of 899 sibs, 4 of 840 parents, and 4 of 731 nephews and nieces o...

The palliation afforded by balloon atrial septostomy to 124 infants with transposition of the great arteries was assessed in terms of survival to 6 months of age without the need for further intervention. Prediction of success or failure in relation to palliation was significantly affected by the presence of associated ventricular septal defect, left ventricular outflow tract obstruction, or pe...