Endoparasitoids in the order Hymenoptera are natural enemies of several herbivorous insect pest species. During oviposition they inject a mixture of factors, which include venom, into the host, ensuring the successful parasitism and the development of their progeny. Although these parasitoid factors are known to be responsible for host manipulation, such as immune system suppression, little is ...

OBJECTIVES The current study was performed to compare the bee venom pharmacopuncture skin test reactions among groups with different sexes and Sasang constitutions. METHODS Between July 2012 and June 2013, all 76 patients who underwent bee venom pharmacopuncture skin tests and Sasang constitution diagnoses at Oriental Medicine Hospital of Sangji University were included in this study. The ski...

BACKGROUND Envenomation by Hemiscorpius lepturus is not painful and the clinical manifestations include bloody urine due to hemoglobinuria or hematuria, dermonecrotic reactions, cardiac arrhythmia and in minority of cases acute renal failure which may lead to death following disseminated intravascular coagulation in infants. Cardiac effects of envenomation by H. lepturus venom including inotrop...

Consumption coagulopathy and hemorrhagic syndrome exacerbated by blood anticoagulability remain the most important causes of lethality associated with Bothrops snake envenomation. venom also engages platelet aggregation on injured endothelium via von Willebrand factor (vWF) interactions. Besides aggregation, some toxins may induce qualitative thrombopathy, which has been in part related to inhi...

venom with serum and platelets resulted in a progressive increase in coagulant activity. Peden & Peacock (1958) found that ox serum was particularly active in potentiating the coagulant activity of the venom, and suggested that the venom acted enzymically on a substrate contained in the serum. The serum factor can be partially purified by adsorption on barium sulphate and elution by 0-2m-citrat...

Bothrops jararaca is an abundant snake in Brazil, and its venom has been studied exhaustively. The species exhibits adult size dimorphism in which female are larger. We registered the growth in Snout-Vent Length and weight of one litter (with 11 females and 12 males). We compared growth curves and venom profile between male and female of B. jararaca in order to establish the relationship of tho...

teristic pharmacological properties. With this end in view we started with cobra venom and Russell's viper venom. The cobra and Russell's viper belong to two different families of snakes, viz, Colubridce and Viperidce, respectively, and though the venoms from these have some characteristics in common they differ strikingly in other respects. For instance the neurotoxic element is preponderant i...

OBJECTIVE To study the efficacy of anti-scorpion venom plus prazocin. METHODS Comparison of clinical features, outcome and duration of stay between children receiving anti-scorpion venom plus prazocin or prazocin alone for management of red scorpion envenomation. RESULTS Requirement for dopamine and requirement and duration of dobutamine therapy were significantly less in patients received ...

A long-standing question in evolutionary studies of snake venoms is the extent to which phylogenetic divergence and diet can account for between-species differences in venom composition. Here we apply phylogeny-based comparative methods to address this question. We use data on venom variation generated using proteomic techniques for all members of a small clade of rattlesnakes (Sistrurus sp.) a...

BACKGROUND Correct identification of the culprit venom is a prerequisite for specific venom immunotherapy. OBJECTIVE To assess whether the basophil activation test (BAT) constitutes an additional diagnostic instrument in patients with equivocal or negative specific immunoglobulin (Ig) E or venom skin test (VST) results. METHODS One hundred eighteen patients with a compelling history of IgE-...