Evaporative and exhaust mobile source air toxic (MSAT) emissions of total volatile organic compounds, carbon monoxide, BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes), formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, butadiene, methyl tertiary butyl ether, and ethanol were measured in vehicle-related high-end microenvironments (ME) under worst-case conditions plausibly simulating the >99th percentile of inhalati...

The main contributions of this paper are the development of a forward-looking hybrid vehicle simulation tool, and its application to the design of a power management control algorithm. The hybrid electric vehicle simulation tool (HE-VESIM) was developed at the Automotive Research Center of the University of Michigan to study the potential fuel economy and emission benefits of the parallel hybri...

Vehicle operating speed measured on roadways is a critical component for a host of analysis in the transportation field including transportation safety, traffic flow modeling, roadway geometric design, vehicle emissions modeling, and road user route decisions. The current research effort contributes to the literature on examining vehicle speed on urban roads methodologically and substantively. ...

The firm response to regulation is seldom as controversial as in the context of fuel economy standards, a dominant policy to reduce emissions from vehicles worldwide. It has long been argued that such standards lead to vehicle weight changes that increase accident fatalities. Using unconditional quantile regression, we are the first to document the effect of the Corporate Average Fuel Economy (...

The paper discusses the problem of load transport using farm tractors and road tractor units. This type of carriage of goods is often done with farm vehicles. The tests were performed with the PEMS equipment (Portable Emission Measurement System) under actual traffic conditions. The vehicles carried a load of 20000 kg. This research method is one of the most desired because it provides reliable...

This work presents the application of a CO2 emission estimation function for cargo vehicles on Capacited Vehicle Routing Problems (CVRP) setting, considering route’s slopes variation. Comparisons were established with functions minimizing fuel consumption and route length in case study about selective collection recyclable waste at Sorocaba, state São Paulo, Brazil. Routes lower emissions have ...

In recent years, the comfort and environment consciousness of automotive industry and customers has resulted in a constant reduction of vehicle noise emissions. At the same time, vehicles and pedestrians move closer and closer in urban areas thus increasing the importance of vehicle exterior noise as a warning signal for pedestrians. The present article by a working team of the Munich Technical...

● Emissions of NOx have fallen by 37% from 1990 to 2000. This has been mainly due to reductions in emissions from road transport and public power generation. ● Road transport is the largest source of NOx emissions in the UK, contributing 49% of total emissions in 2000. However, emissions from road transport have fallen by 34% between 1990 and 2000 due to improvements in engine design and fittin...