The transformation of a ciliate into cyst is an advance strategy against an adverse situation. However, the molecular mechanism for the encystation of free-living ciliates is poorly understood. A large-scale identification of the encystment-related proteins and genes in ciliate would provide us with deeper insights into the molecular mechanisms for the encystations of ciliate. We identified the...

The colonial growth of Bacillus subtilis vegetative and spore cells was evaluated by determining the time course of the growth heat changes (growth thermogram) with a microbial calorimeter. The actual heat evolution curve (f (t) curve) obtained from the thermogram was in good agreement with the viable cell number changes. From the logarithmic f (t) curve, the exponential growth phase was estima...

The Iberian viticultural regions are convened according to the Denomination of Origin (DO) and present different climates, soils, topography and management practices. All these elements influence the vegetative growth of different varieties throughout the peninsula, and are tied to grape quality and wine type. In the current study, an integrated analysis of climate, soil, topography and vegetat...

Fructose 1,6-diphosphate aldolase from cells of Bacillus cereus appears to be typical Class II aldolase as judged by its functional and physical properties. Spore and vegetative cell aldolase had similar enzymatic, immunochemical, and heat resistance properties in the absence of calcium, but they differed in their thermal stabilities in the presence of calcium, their Stokes' radii, their mobili...

Many things change during shoot development. Although the most obvious of these is the production of reproductive structures, the morphology and physiology of leaves and vegetative buds changes as well. Some traits change continuously (either increasing or decreasing), while others are expressed in bimodal (present or absent) or even more complex patterns. Some traits vary in the same way in ev...

Millipore diffusion chambers (MDC) with 0.22-j,m filters loaded with spores or vegetative cells of Clostridium botulinum were surgically implanted intraperitoneally (ip) into guinea pigs. MDC expose C. botulinum spores or vegetative cells to body fluids yet protect them from phagocytes. Guinea pigs receiving MDC containing 109 spores plus 108 polymorphonuclear (PMN) leukocytes and MDC with 109 ...

The shoot apical meristem generates stem, leaves, and lateral shoot meristems during the entire shoot ontogeny. Vegetative leaves are generated by the meristem in the vegetative developmental phase, while in the reproductive phase either bracts subtending lateral flower primordia (or paraclades), or perianth and strictly reproductive organs are formed. Meristem growth is fully characterized by ...

The existence of normal sleep in patients in a vegetative state is still a matter of debate. Previous electrophysiological sleep studies in patients with disorders of consciousness did not differentiate patients in a vegetative state from patients in a minimally conscious state. Using high-density electroencephalographic sleep recordings, 11 patients with disorders of consciousness (six in a mi...

The lantibiotic nisin inhibits growth of vegetative Gram-positive bacteria by binding to lipid II, which disrupts cell wall biosynthesis and facilitates pore formation. Nisin also inhibits the outgrowth of bacterial spores, including spores of Bacillus anthracis, whose structural and biochemical properties are fundamentally different from those of vegetative bacteria. The molecular basis of nis...

PG: pyoderma gangrenosum TNF: tumor necrosis factor Pyoderma gangrenosum (PG) is a rare, neutrophilic, ulcerative dermatosis without a therapeutic gold standard. Vegetative PG is a chronic superficial variant, which is more indolent and typically responds well to treatment. Here we describe a patient with a 3-year history of uncharacteristically recalcitrant vegetative PG who responded to aprem...