The process of decision making about geopolitical interactions either has a public source and receives its legitimacy and legality from people and public arena or decisions are made and strategies are chosen by official institutions and political elites beyond the volition of public arena. Based on this fact, the current article tries to answer this question that what is the source of legitimac...

 The importance of people’s participation in the process of a sustainable development, and their critical presence in determining their own desting which is stressed in the constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran has lead to the establishment of Islamic rural and urban councils. In coordination with government and with its support, the Islamic rural councils like local managers can utilize...

chapter i provides an overview of structural linguistics and touches upon the saussurean dichotomies with the final goal of exploring their relevance to the stylistic studies of literature. to provide evidence for the singificance of the study, chapter ii deals with the controversial issue of linguistics and literature, and presents opposing views which, at the same time, have been central to t...

This study aimed to identify the cognitive differences between expert and novice managers in the performance of their main tasks by examining their perspectives and experiences. To do so, two four-people groups of experts and novice managers, from two subsidiaries of National Iranian Oil Refining and Distribution Company were selected. A task analysis interview was conducted for every participa...

One of the most important mechanisms and tools for the foreign policy objectives of the Islamic Republic of Iran is the formulation, adjustment, and implementation of efficient and up-to-date cultural diplomacy as a prominent and major example of its soft power. The purpose of this article is to study the cultural diplomacy of the Islamic Republic of Iran in Italy which by using documentary met...