The sensory projection from jaw muscles to the cerebral cortex have been studied in rats by electrophysiological and histochemical methods. Electrical stimulation of individual masticatory muscles elicited bilateral responses in the cortical areas 8, 10, 2, and 2a. The following pathway was postulated to mediate these cortical responses; impulses of muscle origin are conducted in turn to the tr...

This is the concluding article in a series of 3 studies that investigate the anatomical determinants of thalamocortical (TC) input to excitatory neurons in a cortical column of rat primary somatosensory cortex (S1). We used viral synaptophysin-enhanced green fluorescent protein expression in thalamic neurons and reconstructions of biocytin-labeled cortical neurons in TC slices to quantify the n...

Plastic changes in the CNS in response to peripheral sensory nerve injury are a series of complex processes, ranging from local circuit remodeling to somatotopic reorganization. However, the link between circuit remodeling and somatotopic reorganization remains unclear. We have previously reported that transection of the primary whisker sensory nerve causes the abnormal rewiring of lemniscal fi...

While exploring objects, rats make multiple contacts using their whiskers, thereby generating complex patterns of sensory information. The cerebral structures that process this information in the somatosensory system show discrete patterns of anatomically distinct units, each corresponding to one whisker. Moreover, the feedforward and feedback connections are remarkably topographic, with little...

Cathepsin D (CTSD; EC 3.4.23.5) is a lysosomal aspartic protease, the deficiency of which causes early-onset and particularly aggressive forms of neuronal ceroid-lipofuscinosis in infants, sheep, and mice. Cathepsin D deficiencies are characterized by severe neurodegeneration, but the molecular mechanisms behind the neuronal death remain poorly understood. In this study, we have systematically ...

INTRODUCTION This study aims to analyze our experience with petrous meningiomas (PM), testing the hypothesis that these tumors have different histologic subtypes and operative outcome depending on the site of origin in reference to the internal auditory canal (IAC). METHODS Fifty-eight patients with PM were reviewed retrospectively. Tumors were classified as posterior (PPM; n = 29), superior ...

The contribution of aircraft operations to ambient ultrafine particle (UFP) concentration at and around airports can be significant. This review article considers the volatile non-volatile elements particulate matter emissions from engines, their characteristics quantification identifies gaps in knowledge. current state art emission inventory methods dispersion modelling approaches are reviewed...