Liquid water can be brought beyond the liquid–vapor equilibrium line into a metastable state, before nucleation of bubbles (cavitation) occurs. We review the experimental work on cavitation in water, focusing on the determination of the ultimate degree of metastability at which liquid water can exist. We also present practical applications of metastability and cavitation. To cite this article: ...

A vapor-liquid interface introduces resistivities for mass and heat transfer. These resistivities have recently been determined from molecular simulations, as well as theoretically using the van der Waals square gradient model. This model, however, does not allow for direct quantitative comparison to experiment or results from molecular simulations. The classical density functional theory is us...

The equilibrium density distribution and thermodynamic properties of a Lennard-Jones fluid confined to nano-sized spherical cavities at constant chemical potential was determined using Monte Carlo simulations. The results describe both a single cavity with semipermeable walls as well as a collection of closed cavities formed at constant chemical potential. The results are compared to calculatio...