Autonomic functions tests Autonomic nervous system Body mass index Cold pressor test Obesity Valsalva manoeuver.

A 56-year-old man was admitted to the emergency department with effort dyspnea, fatigue and leg edema. The patient had a history of hypertension, diabetes mellitus and left ventricle hypertrophy and no family history of cardiac disease. The patient was fully alert with mild respiratory distress. The physical examination revealed sunken sternum, consistent with pectus ex cavatuma, crackles in th...

Coronary artery (CA) disorders are among the major causes of morbidity and mortality in humans. We attempt to explain CA anatomy its variations a simple, concise, understandable way help clinicians deal with various disorders. There two main arteries: right coronary (RCA) left CA. The bifurcates into terminal branches: anterior descending (LAD) circumflex (LCX). commonest anatomical variant is ...

A 93-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital because of dyspnoea at rest, orthopnea, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnoea and oedema in the lower extremities during the previous four weeks. The physical examination presented rales, elevated jugular venous pressure, hyperkinetic arterial pulse and a pansystolic mild heart murmur. A transthoracic echocardiogram was performed, showing a normocontract...

Abnormal responses to a standardized Valsalva maneuver have been proposed as additional Criteria for heart failure. The present study was undertaken to determine the variability of these responses in normal subjects as well as frequency of abnormal responses in cardiac patients. Only phase II responses could be considered reliable for this purpose. Discrepancies between phase II responses were ...

The abnormal origin of the right coronary artery from the left aortic sinus coursing between the aorta and the pulmonary trunk is a rare congenital anomaly. It may remain asymptomatic or may result in cardiac morbidity or mortality. In the past, an anomalous origin of the right coronary artery from the left sinus of Valsalva was considered a benign finding; it is now evident that this anomaly c...

Aneurysms of the sinuses of Valsalva, when detected before rupture, are repaired electively. When they are small, they are most frequently repaired by direct closure; when they are large, they are repaired with a prosthetic patch. When they are associated with prolapse of the corresponding aortic cusp and aortic insufficiency, valve replacement is usually performed concomitantly. We present the...

A sinus of Valsalva-right atrial fistula secondary to nonpenetrating chest trauma is described. Echocardiography demonstrated diastolic fluttering of the anterior tricuspid valve, suggesting a left-to-right shunt at the level of the right atrium. External jugular venous pulse tracings revealed large a waves and attenuation of the y descent. Cardiac catheterization disclosed a fistulous communic...

We reported simple partial root remodeling using a graft trimmed twin "U" shape for extensive dissection into the right/non-coronary sinuses with acute type A aortic dissection with cardiac tamponade, acute myocardial infarction on the right coronary artery and aortic regurgitation. After total arch replacement with frozen elephant trunk technique for distal dissection, partial root remodeling ...

We present a rare case of a 74 year old female with unruptured aneurysm of the left coronary sinus of Valsalva accompanied with patent foramen ovale and atrial fibrillation. This rare combination was detected during diagnostics for a cardiac etiology stroke. The left coronary sinus of Valsalva was reconstructed using an autologous pericardial patch, the left atrial appendage closed, left atrial...