This study analyses the effects of vagotomy on tumor growth and survival in a murine, pancreatic cancer model in wild-type and TNFα-knockout (-/-) mice.Throughout many operative procedures in the upper gastrointestinal tract the partial or complete transection of the vagus nerve or its local nerve fibers is unavoidable. Thereby its anti-inflammatory effects in residual tumor tissue may get lost...

Rabbits were anesthetized with halothane, paralyzed with d-tubocurarine and mechanically ventilated at eucapnic level. The activity of both phrenic nerves was recorded before and after brainstem transection in animals with vagi intact and then cut. The effect of transection depended upon its level: midpontine transections elicited an apneustic pattern of firing in phrenic nerves prior to vagoto...

This article examines the role of innervation in regulating expression of acetylcholinesterase (AchE), butyrylcholinesterase (BuchE), and the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAchR) in avian heart. Two distinct approaches are taken. The first approach examines the relation between the onsets of parasympathetic and sympathetic innervation and the appearance of AchE and BuchE. All molecular for...

Diabetic rats both overeat high-carbohydrate diet and have altered hypothalamic neuropeptide Y (NPY) and corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF). In contrast, a high-fat diet reduces caloric intake of diabetics to normal, reflected by normal hypothalamic NPY and CRF content. How the brain senses these changes in diet is unknown. To date, no hormonal changes explain these diet-induced changes in ca...

The number of G- and D-cells per area and the ratio of G/D-cells were investigated in biopsy specimens of the pyloric antrum from normochlorhydric subjects without peptic ulcer, from patients with duodenal ulcer, gastrinoma, pernicious anaemia, and after selective proximal vagotomy. Compared with normochlorhydric subjects antral G-cell density was significantly raised in pernicious anaemia, unc...

The results of 200 radioisotope pancreatic scans in a general hospital show that 32 scans were recorded as "false positives," though these included 13 patients with diabetes mellitus and nine who had had truncal vagotomy. There were no "false negatives." Scanning is a useful diagnostic tool and a distinct advance on other tests more usually available for testing pancreatic function.

objectives:vagal pathways in gastrointestinal tract are the most important pathways that regulate ischemia/reperfusion (i/r).  gastrointestinal tract is one of the important sources of melatonin production. the aim of this study was to investigate probable protective effect of the interaction between vagus nerve and melatonin after i/r. materials and methods:this study was performed in male rat...

It is well established that the esophageal distention (ED) leads to gastric relaxation, partly by vago-vagal reflex, but till now, the effect of ED on gastric acid secretion has not been investigated. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of ED on basal and stimulated gastric acid secretion. Methods: Adult male Wistar rats (200-240 g) were deprived of food but not the water 24 h b...

We observed the inhibitive effect of electroacupuncture (EA) at Zusanli on inflammatory mediators of postoperative intra-abdominal adhesions to find out the relationship between EA and the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway. Sixty-four rats were divided into 8 groups (A-H, each = 8): A = sham control; B = abdominal adhesions model; C = abdominal adhesions plus EA; D = sham acupoint control; ...

Hollander's insulin test was evaluated by performing successively partial denervation of the parietal cell area, highly selective, selective, and truncal vagotomy operations on three dogs. The rise in acidity, the timing of the highest rise in acidity, and the rise in acid output were examined. The mean rise in acidity (m-equiv/l) before vagotomy (106 +/- SE11, 120 +/- 23, 60 +/- 16) did not di...