نتایج جستجو برای: vaccine escape mutations
تعداد نتایج: 308143 فیلتر نتایج به سال:
pertussis is still endemic and the recently resurgence of the disease caused by bordetella pertussis has been shown in many countries. the polymorphism of the virulence genes of b. pertussis and lack of any information about the allelic variation between the iranian isolates promotes us to analysis of the genes encoded virulence factors including ptxs1, prn, fim3 and cya to understand the diffe...
Mutational escape from the CTL response represents a major driving force for viral diversification in HIV-1-infected adults, but escape during infancy has not been described previously. We studied the immune response of perinatally infected children to an epitope (B57-TW10) that is targeted early during acute HIV-1 infection in adults expressing HLA-B57 and rapidly mutates under this selection ...
Escape from specific T-cell responses contributes to the progression of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection. T-cell escape viral variants are retained following HIV-1 transmission between major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-matched individuals. However, reversion to wild type can occur following transmission to MHC-mismatched hosts in the absence of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (...
Host immune responses against infectious pathogens exert strong selective pressures favouring the emergence of escape mutations that prevent immune recognition. Escape mutations within or flanking functionally conserved epitopes can occur at a significant cost to the pathogen in terms of its ability to replicate effectively. Such mutations come under selective pressure to revert to the wild typ...
BACKGROUND Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a serious risk factor for several severe liver diseases such as cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. HBV, like other viruses, uses several mechanisms to escape from specific immune responses including the use of mutations in the genome which lead to epitope variations. There are several immune responses, including T helper cells, cytotoxic T lymphocytes,...
BACKGROUND Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) viral escape is an increasingly recognized clinical event among HIV-1-infected adults. We analyzed longitudinal data and drug-resistance mutations to characterize profiles of HIV-1-infected patients on antiretroviral therapy with discordant CSF and plasma HIV-1 RNA levels. METHODS Forty-one cases of CSF escape defined as detectable CSF HIV-1 RNA when plasm...
Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) play an important role in shaping HIV-1 infection. In particular, during the first weeks of infection, CTLs select for multiple escape mutations in the infecting HIV population. In recent years, methods have been developed that use intra-patient escape mutation data to estimate rates of escape from CTL selection. The resultant escape rate estimates have been used ...
Stability of attenuating mutations is an important premise for live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV). The presence of multiple mutations in internal gene segments of live attenuated viruses contributes to the stability of their genomes and consistent phenotypic properties. This study describes the evaluation of results of clinical isolates obtained in Phase I clinical trials of three Russian...
Antigenic variation is a strategy exploited by influenza viruses to promote survival in the face of the host adaptive immune response and constitutes a major obstacle to efficient vaccine development. Thus, variation in the surface glycoproteins hemagglutinin and neuraminidase is reflected by changes in susceptibility to antibody neutralization. This has led to the current view that antibody-me...
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