Electrocochleography (ECoG) has been an important tool in the diagnosis of Meniere’s disease or endolymphatic hydrops. There are two methods employed, transtympanic and extratympanic. Many have regarded the results of these methods as being equally reliable. The purpose of this study is to determine any differences in sensitivity between the two methods. In this study patients with known endoly...

Simultaneous partial nitrification, anaerobic ammonium oxidation and denitrification (SNAD) system was applied to treat the opto-electronic industrial wastewater in a 2.5L sequencing batch reactor. The characteristics of wastewater were low C/N ratio (≈ 0.2) with 100mg-COD/L and 567 mg NH(4)(+)-N/L. The experiment was carried out over 8 months in six different stages, where nitrogen loading rat...

Partial nitritation/anammox (PANAM) technologies have rapidly developed over the last decade, but still considerable amounts of energy are required for active aeration. In this study, a non-aerated two-stage PANAM process was investigated. In the first-stage upflow fixed-film bioreactor, nitratation could not be prevented at ammonium loading rates up to 186 mg N l(-1) d(-1) and low influent dis...

Oxygen-limited autotrophic nitrification/denitrification (OLAND) is a one-stage combination of partial nitritation and anammox, which can have a challenging process start-up. In this study, start-up strategies were tested for sequencing batch reactors (SBR), varying hydraulic parameters, i.e. volumetric exchange ratio (VER) and feeding regime, and salinity. Two sequential tests with two paralle...

Thermally modified timber (TMT) is increasingly offered in Europe as an alternative to preservative treated timber. TMT durability in field tests as well as its moisture sorption behaviour in façade application was determined so as to consider its suitability for outdoor use. Additionally, abrasion and crack-formation of TMT deckings were examined and the optical appearance of a TMT façade was ...

We examined the distribution of uncultured Planctomycetes phylotypes along depth profiles spanning the redox gradient of the Black Sea suboxic zone to gain insight into their respective ecological niches. Planctomycetes phylogeny correlated with depth and chemical profiles, implying similar metabolisms within phylogenetic groups. A suboxic zone sample was split into > 30 and < 30 μm fractions t...

Anammox is a cost-effective process to treat nitrogenous wastewater. In this work, excitation-emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence spectroscopy was used to characterize the intracellular and extracellular substances of anammox sludge during reactor operation of 276 days. Four main fluorophores were identified from the intracellular substances. Two main protein-like fluorophores were identified fr...

Perfect phylogeny is one of the fundamental models for studying evolution. We investigate the following variant of the problem: The input is an n ×m species-characters matrix. The characters are binary and directed, i.e., a species can only gain characters. The difference from standard perfect phylogeny is that for some species the state of some characters is unknown. The question is whether on...

Introduction In electron beam therapy bolus is often used to conform as closely as possible to the target volume while avoiding critical structures in the depth. In most cases a flexible bolus can cover the skin without air gap. However, under certain conditions it is difficult –or even not possible– to avoid air gaps between bolus and patient without reducing treatment quality. In a special cl...

This paper reports on successful laboratory testing of a new nitrogen removal process called DEAMOX (DEnitrifying AMmonium OXidation) for the treatment of strong nitrogenous wastewater such as baker's yeast effluent. The concept of this process combines the recently discovered ANAMMOX (ANaerobic AMMonium OXidation) reaction with autotrophic denitrifying conditions using sulfide as an electron d...