This Article undertakes the first empirical study of the influence of the PTO’s funding on the agency’s decision-making. More specifically, this Article studies the influence of the PTO’s budgetary structure on the most important decision made by the agency: whether or not to grant a patent. It begins by setting forth a theoretical model predicting that certain elements of the PTO’s fee schedul...

We study the effect of the parking on heterogeneous commuters’ travel choice in a competitive transportation systemwhich consists of a subway and a parallel road with a bottleneck of limited service capacity. Everymorning, commuters either use their private cars only or drive their cars to the bottleneck, park there, and then take the subway to the destination. Considering the effects caused by...

This study uses data on Medicaid physician fees in 1993 and 1998 to document variation in Medicaid fees across the country, describe changes in Medicaid fees, and contrast how Medicaid physician fees have changed relative to those in Medicare between 1993 and 1998. The results show that 1998 Medicaid fees vary widely, as has been documented in earlier studies, but that states with low average f...

Many two-sided platforms (such as search engines and business directories) make pro…ts from auctioning their user base to advertisers. Yet, auctioning users is di¤erent from selling standard commodities, since the participation decision by users (and, therefore, the size of the platform’s user base) depends on the bene…t users expect to receive from joining the platform. In this setting, what i...

because we believe that free and timely access to research results allows scientific knowledge to be used by all those who need it, not just those who can afford expensive journal subscriptions or user fees for individual articles. But is access to the final polished version of research enough? Could we do more to encourage the collaborative reuse and reanalysis of existing data, or the verific...