BACKGROUND The previous epidemiological study of paediatric nephrolithiasis in Britain was conducted more than 30 years ago. AIMS To examine the presenting features, predisposing factors, and treatment strategies used in paediatric stones presenting to a British centre over the past five years. METHODS A total of 121 children presented with a urinary tract renal stone, to one adult and one ...

1. A retrospective cross-sectional study was carried out on data derived from single 24 h urine collections from 246 male idiopathic calcium stone-formers. 2. The daily urine volume and pH and the exretions of calcium, oxalate, phosphate, creatinine and magnesium were related to the time of year when the urine was collected, and the saturation of urine with calcium oxalate and octocalcium phosp...

OBJECTIVE We compared laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) with the traditionally used and recommended X-ray diffraction technique (XRD) for urinary stone analysis. MATERIAL AND METHODS In total, 65 patients with urinary calculi were enrolled in this prospective study. Stones were obtained after surgical or extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy procedures. All stones were divided into t...

Clinically insignificant residual fragments (CIRFs) are described as asymptomatic, noninfectious and nonobstructive stone fragments (≤4 mm) remaining in the urinary system after the last session of any intervention (ESWL, URS or PCNL) for urinary stones. Their insignificance is questionable since CIRFs could eventually become significant, as their presence may result in recurrent stone growth a...

BACKGROUND Nasturtium officinale is a traditional herb that is used for diuresis. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study is to determine the effects of hydrophilic extract of Nasturtium officinale on ethylene glycol-induced renal stone in male Wistar rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study 32 male Wistar rats were randomly divided in six groups and studied during 30 days. Two groups of negative...

Clinically insignificant residual fragments (CIRFs) are small fragments (less than 5 mm) that are present in upper urinary tract at the time of regular post-SWL followup. The term is controversial because they may remain silent and asymptomatic or become a risk factor for stone growth and recurrence, leading to symptomatic events, and need further urologic treatment. Although a stone-free state...

BACKGROUND The study compared the effect of urinary calcium with that of oxalate on urinary saturation [relative saturation ratio (RSR)] of calcium oxalate. METHODS A retrospective data analysis was conducted on urinary stone risk analysis from 667 patients with predominantly calcium oxalate stones. Urinary RSR of calcium oxalate was individually calculated using Equil 2. A "theoretical" curv...

Cystinuria is a rare autosomal recessive defect causing recurrent urinary tract stone formation. Morbidity from stone formation and repeated urological interventions can be reduced by early diagnosis and adequate medical treatment. In this review, we illustrate these points by discussing three patients with cystinuria and give a brief review of its management.

Background: Despite modern antibiotic therapy and technological advances in lithotripsy, the presence of infection in patients with urinary stones, as well as with infectious stones is still a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. Recent findings lend more theories as to how infection leads to stone formation. Aim: The bacteriological study of urine and stone samples from patients with ...