multiple sclerosis (ms) is a chronic inflammatory disease that leads to degeneration of the brain and spinal tissue. imbalances of cd4+ t cells including thelper1 (th1)/thelper2 (th2) and thelper17 (th17)/tregulatory (treg), their secreted cytokines and gene expressions, are important aspects of in immunopathogenesis of ms. vitamin a and its metabolites can regulate the immune system and appear...

some of the genotypes of cytokines are associated with acute graft versus host disease after bone marrow transplantation. the purpose of the present investigation was to find out the possible association between transforming growth factor beta-1 (tgf-β1) codon 25 polymorphism (rs:1800471) and acute graft versus host disease (agvhd) after bone marrow transplantation from the sibling with the sim...

Despite the continually increasing rates of adverse perinatal outcomes across the globe, the molecular mechanisms that underlie adverse perinatal outcomes are not completely understood. Clinical studies report that 10% of pregnant women will experience a urinary tract infection (UTI) and there is an association of UTIs with adverse perinatal outcomes. We introduced bacterial cystitis into succe...

background: most of the studies have reported higher occupational health hazâ­ards on hazardous waste workers (hww). however reports regarding the assoâ­ciation between health hazards and pro-inflammatory cytokines in hww are scanty. the present study was undertaken to evaluate the relationship between occupational health hazards and serum pro-inflammatory cytokines in hww. methods: one hundred...

background host genetic and environmental factors are involved in development of gastric cancer. tumor necrosis factor (tnf)-î±| has a key role in helicobacter pylori -induced gastritis. we analyzed the association between tnf-î± polymorphism and the risk of gastric cancer in an iranian population residing in northeastern iran. materials and methods in a case-control study, the genotyping was c...

objective(s): pulmonary fibrosis (pf) is the most common outcome of a collection of diverse lung disorders known as interstitial lung diseases. it is proposed that alterations in the levels of fibrogenic mediators and the profibrotic/antifibrotic imbalance play a substantial role in the progression of pf in animal models and possibly in humans. caffeic acid phenethyl ester (cape), an active com...

Cytokines and chemokines activate and direct effector cells during infection. We previously identified a functional group of five cytokines and chemokines, namely, IFN-gamma, activation-induced T cell-derived and chemokine-related cytokine/lymphotactin, macrophage-inflammatory protein 1alpha, macrophage-inflammatory protein 1beta, and RANTES, coexpressed in individual activated NK cells, CD8(+)...

Neuroinflammation has been implicated in hypertension, and microglia have been proposed to play an important role in the progression of this disease. Here, we have studied whether microglia are activated within cardiovascular regulatory area(s) of the brain during hypertension, especially in high blood pressure that is associated with chronic activation of the renin-angiotensin-system. In addit...

Objective: This study designed to evaluate the role of serum cytokines marker in the diagnosis and prognosis of urinary bladder cancer. Patients and Methods: The study was conducted in Basrah Hospitals, Iraq between September 2011 till July 2012. Blood samples were collected from 45 patients (mean age 63.52 ± 10.96 years) with urinary bladder cancer and from 45 apparently healthy control groups...