increasing rate of world population growth has tremendous and of ten detrimental impacts on natural environment of our planet. unreasonable consumption of non-renewable sources of energy, deforestation, and the extinction of species are among these impacts. there are many who believe that global warming which is resulted due to population :growth, urbanization and over and irresponsible consump...

OBJECTIVES We examined whether access to retail sources of healthy and unhealthy food varies according to level of neighbourhood material deprivation in three Ontario regions and whether urban form characteristics help to explain any such variations. METHODS Food retail (FR) outlets were identified from a commercial database for 804 urban neighbourhoods in Toronto, Brampton/Mississauga and Ha...

The increasing availability of High Spatial Resolution (HSR) satellite images is an opportunity to characterize and identify urban objects. Thus, the augmentation of the precision led to a need of new image analysis methods using region-based (or object-based) approaches. In this field, an important challenge is the use of domain knowledge for automatic urban objects identification, and a major...

This cross sectional descriptive study aimed to describe factors influencing contraceptive behavior among women aged 15-49 years, seeking induced abortion in the rural and the urban regions of Nepal. A total of 385 women (92.1% completion rate), 195 from the urban region and 190 from the rural region were analyzed. The results showed that the overall contraception use was 69.4% in the urban reg...

BACKGROUND Inequality in households' payments on food and health expenditures presents the accessibility and utilization patterns between them. This study investigated the Iranian rural and urban households' inequality in payments on food and Out-of-Pocket health expenditures from 1998 to 2012. METHODS This descriptive study was conducted through the analysis of Iranian Statistics Centre data...

In this study, an experiment was performed to assess the trip difficulty for urban residents of different age groups walking in various depths of water, and the data were corroborated with the real urban rainstorm waterlogging scenarios in downtown (Daoli district) Ha-Erbin (China). Mathematical models of urban rainstorm waterlogging were constructed using scenario simulation methods, aided by ...

[1] We present measurements from three sites during 2001–2002 showing that methylchloroform emissions have continued in the U.S., despite the 1996 production ban under the Montreal Protocol. Available data from urban regions, if representative, suggest that 1997–2002 U.S. emissions declined exponentially from 18.5 to 3.0 Gg/yr. F-11 also showed evidence of ongoing emissions, whereas F-113 emiss...

There is now a substantial, if still somewhat inconclusive, literature which explains regional performance in terms of dynamic externalities or spill-over of new knowledge among firms in regional industrial clusters or urban centres. This has evolved into a debate on the relative importance of externalities of specialization versus those of diversity. Most of the empirical research on this topi...

introduction this study is dealt with the environmental planning from a bio-cybernetic and hierarchical systems viewpoint within the context of landscape ecology. this viewpoint requires not only knowledge of the science of ecology but also ecological wisdom in order to recognize the place of humankind in nature. the conceptual and practical approach which is provided will help landscape planne...

Land cover and land use changes associated with urbanization are important drivers of local geological, hydrological, ecological, and climatic change. Quantification and monitoring of these changes in 100 global urban centres are part of the mission of the ASTER instrument on board the NASA Terra satellite, and comprise the fundamental research objective of the Urban Environmental Monitoring (U...