urban quality of life is one of the important areas of urban studies in different countries. this importance stems from the increasing attention to monitoring public policies and its role as efficient tool in urban management and planning. the unprecedented growth of urbanization in developing countries specifically in iran, the cities now present a multi-structural fabric which show considerab...

This chapter describes how the spatial distribution of economic activity changes as economies develop and grow. We start with the relation between development and rural-urban migration. Moving beyond the coarse rural-urban distinction, we then focus on the continuum of locations in an economy and describe how the patterns of convergence and divergence change with development. As we discuss, the...

Design is a social phenomenon and researchers suggest that social interaction, negotiations and communication between designers are essential to initiate creativity. Within the design studio environment, a number of factors affect the healthy social interaction and design negotiations, such as the teaching style of tutors and the culture that governs a design studio’s environment. This may in t...

This paper presents a new method for the conversion of one style of dependency treebanks into another, using contextual, Constraint Grammar-based transformation rules for both structural changes (attachment) and changes in syntacticfunctional tags (edge labels). In particular, we address the conversion of traditional syntactic dependency annotation into the semantically motivated dependency ann...

One of the land development problems of developing countries is to provide readily available land for new urbanization demands. Compensation based procedures are mostly used land provision methods around the world in urban land development applications but it is both expensive and mandatory. To provide new settlements and built-up areas, there should be a more effective land redistribution proc...

This paper presents a linear representation of the built environment called “continuity line”. A continuity line is the aggregation of several axial lines to represent an urban path in its longest extension, respecting a maximum sinuosity previously defined. It is based on two main arguments: first, that the notion of continuity is already embedded in the axial system; and second, that the cont...

The all glass façade of the extension of the Natuurmuseum Rotterdam, situated in an urban park, acts under certain light conditions as a true mirror (Fig. 1). Numerous birds, mostly trushes, pigeons and woodcocks, die in collision with the building. Especially during the first months after the new wing was erected in 1995, a 'bang' or a sharp 'tick' on the window meant work for the bird departm...