This study assesses the sensitivity of numerical results of air flow modelling within an urban environment to the six different turbulence models applied in a specific case of a studied staggered cross-road. The principal parameters investigated in this comparison are position of centres of vortices within a street canyon, two components of the spatial velocity vector, turbulent kinetic energy,...

Pavements in urban area absorb more sunlight due to the canyon-like geomorphology of geometry and store heat great thermal bulk properties concrete. Heat released from pavements warms up air, contributing island. Recently, uses cool reduce pavement temperature as an island mitigation have gained momentum. Understanding solar insolation a is important adopt right option for place. This study mea...

As Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) become more accepted into our society, law enforcement, emergency services, and commercial entities will begin taking advantage of this technology in high-population urban settings. Since these aircraft will be operating between and above the high-rise buildings that de ne most urban cores, increased position estimation accuracy will become paramount to ensure...

The extent of the surface area sunlit is critical for radiative energy exchanges and therefore for a wide range of applications that require urban land surface models (ULSM), ranging from human comfort to weather forecasting. Here a computational demanding shadow casting algorithm is used to assess the capability of a simple single-layer urban canopy model, which assumes an infinitely long rota...

The urban population is growing at such a rate that by 2050 it is estimated that 84% of the world's population will live in cities, with flats being the most common living place. Moreover, WiFi technology is present in most developed country urban areas, with a quick growth in developing countries. New Ambient-Assisted Living applications will be developed in the near future having user positio...

The Global Positioning System (GPS) is the most widely used navigation system in land vehicle applications. In urban areas, the GPS suffers from insufficient signal strength, multipath propagation and non-line-of-sight (NLOS) errors, so it thus becomes difficult to obtain accurate and reliable position information. In this paper, an integration algorithm for multiple receivers is proposed to en...

Many bedrock canyons on Earth and Mars were eroded by upstream propagating headwalls, and a prominent goal in geomorphology and planetary science is to determine formation processes from canyon morphology. A diagnostic link between process and form remains highly controversial, however, and field investigations that isolate controls on canyon morphology are needed. Here we investigate the origi...

[1] The dynamics associated with the propagation of unstable waves along a density front and their interaction with submarine canyons are simulated and analyzed with a fine-resolution three-dimensional primitive equation coastal ocean model. Simulations consider flow in an alongshore density front over two bottom topographies: an idealized straight shelf and a shelf incised by a canyon. The sta...

Nitrate comprises an important part of aerosol mass at many non-urban locations during some times of the year. Little is known, however, about the chemical form and size distribution of particulate nitrate in these environments. While submicron ammonium nitrate is often assumed to be the dominant species, this assumption is rarely tested. Properties of aerosol nitrate were characterized at seve...