This study presents the first examination of the genetic structure of Daphnia longispina complex populations in Eastern China. Only one species, D. galeata, was present across the eight investigated lakes; as identified by taxon assignment using allelic variation at 15 microsatellite loci. Three genetically differentiated D. galeata subgroups emerged independent of the type of statistical analy...

Two major religious groups of India were studied, viz. Hindu and Muslim. The survey was confined to 1059 individuals of Aligarh city (UP). Households were selected on random a priori basis during day time by door to door contact. Muslims populations were Syed, Sheikh, Pathan, Ansari and Hindus were Brahmin, Bania, Rajput, Jatav. Gene frequency, allele frequency, heterozygosity, genetic identity...

Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers was used to analyze the genetic structure of five Indigenous Egyptian’s chicken populations including Fayoumi, Dokki-4, Golden Montazah, Silver Montazah, and ElSalam, based on the taxa generated by the analysis of ten RAPD markers. The population genetic distances were estimated by using two cluster algorithms (UPGMA & NJ neighbor-joining) accompa...

Genetic analysis of Trypanosoma spp. depends on the detection of variation between strains. We have used the amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) technique to develop a convenient and reliable method for genetic characterization of Trypanosome (sub)species. AFLP accesses multiple independent sites within the genome and would allow a better definition of the relatedness of different Try...

Introduction of graphic representation for nucleotide or protein sequences can provide intuitive overall pictures as well as useful insights for performing large-scale similarity analysis. In this paper, we are analyzing the similarity/dissimilarity of the mitochondrial genome sequences from twenty four mammal species. The analysis is important in finding the relatedness among the species and e...

Hierarchical clustering is a data analysis method that has been used for decades. Despite its widespread use, the method has an underdeveloped analytical foundation. Having a well understood foundation would both support the currently used methods and help guide future improvements. The goal of this paper is to give an analytic framework to better understand observations seen in practice. This ...

This study introduces a novel technique to identify foot outline characteristics and to classify feet into groups using turning functions and clustering techniques so that shape can complement anthropometry in producing good fitting shoes. The digital 3D foot scans, obtained from 50 Hong Kong Chinese subjects (25males and 25 females)were processed to generate the foot outlines at heights of 2mm...

The structure of relationship among subjects is an interesting topic in many social studies, especially phylogeny. The between-subject relationships are commonly measured by similarity or dissimilarity metrics and represented using a distance matrix. Based on this distance matrix, a tree can be constructed to characterize the overall structure of inferred relationships among all subjects. Curre...

Languages evolve in time according to a process in which reproduction, mutation and extinction are all possible. This is very similar to haploid evolution for asexual organisms or for mtDNA of complex ones. Exploiting this similarity it is possible, in principle, to verify hypotheses concerning their relationship. The key point is the definition of the distance among pairs of languages in analo...

The present study insights into the interrelationships and taxonomic segregation of some Polypodiaceous fern taxa based on leaf architecture foliar micro-morphology. Twenty-seven species were examined valuable qualitative quantitative data obtained to generate UPGMA dendrogram. A dichotomous key differentiating was prepared. Results reveal that even though have overlapping characters, certain s...