Blood flow in arteries is dominated by unsteady flow phenomena. The cardiovascular system is an internal flow loop with multiple branches in which a complex liquid circulates. A nondimensional frequency parameter, the Womersley number, governs the relationship between the unsteady and viscous forces. Normal arterial flow is laminar with secondary flows generated at curves and branches. The arte...

A framework based on a continuous adjoint-based analysis of steady and unsteady flows to predict control the drag force due surface morphing is presented. By establishing relation between perturbations in body shape boundary condition certain geometry, we derive an analytical expression sensitivity changes geometry its perturbation conditions. The methodology evaluated incompressible flow aroun...