The tendency to fight is a well-known behavior in Valdostana cattle, and non-cruel traditional contests are organized yearly by farmers to identify the most dominant cow. Cow battles consist of elimination matches that have important economic implications for both tourism and farmers. The aims of this study are 1) to validate a scoring system to express fighting ability, and 2) to carry out a g...

We give examples of CAT(0), biautomatic, free–by–cyclic, one–relator groups which have finite–rank free subgroups of huge (Ackermannian) distortion. This leads to elementary examples of groups whose Dehn functions are similarly extravagant. This behaviour originates in manifestations of Hercules–versus–the–hydra battles in string– rewriting. 2010 Mathematics Subject Classification: 20F65, 20F10...