This paper considers the size of the market for unionisation in Britain and what unions can do to increase employees’ desire for membership and representation. It identifies quite high levels of union satisfaction among members, but a sizeable minority of 10-14% of members who are discontented with their union who are most at risk of leaving the union. Successful retention depends upon unions i...

BACKGROUND Little is known about the prevalence of proximal humeral non-union. There is disagreement on what constitutes union, delayed union and non-union. Our aim was to determine the prevalence of these complications in proximal humeral fractures (PHFs) admitted to trauma hospitals. METHODS The Victorian Orthopaedic Trauma Outcomes Registry identified 419 cases of PHFs, of which 306 were a...

OBJECTIVES Systematic review and meta-analysis of published observational cohort studies. To quantify the increased risk smokers have of experiencing a delayed and/or non-union in fractures, spinal fusion, osteotomy, arthrodesis or established non-unions. SETTING Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE), Excerpta Medica database (EMBASE), Allied and Complementary Medi...

during a period of nine years (1982-1991), pauwels' osteotomy was performed for 38 cases of femoral neck non-::::union::::. 32 led to consolidation with one osteotomy (84%) and 6 failed (3 needed revision (92%), one died and two were lost to follow-up). the length of follow-up was 2-11 years, the average time of non-::::union:::: 12 months (ranging from 4 months to 13 years) and the mean p...

How Successful Have Trade Unions Been? A Utility-Based Indicator of Union Well-Being Can conventional economic analysis help in defining and measuring the success of labor unions? In this paper, a general indicator of union welfare is proposed and particular expressions for the wage and employment objectives of unions are rearranged to derive measures of union success or welfare. These indicato...

We compare risk sharing in response to demand and supply shocks four types of currency unions: segmented markets; a money market union; capital complete financial markets. show that union is efficient at domestic (deleveraging, fiscal consolidation), while necessary share (productivity quality shocks). In numerical exercise, we find the welfare gain moving from markets roughly similar magnitude...