The rejection of unfair offers can be affected by both negative emotions (e.g. anger and moral disgust) and deliberate cognitive processing of behavioral consequences (e.g. concerns of maintaining social fairness and protecting personal reputation). However, whether negative emotions are sufficient to motivate this behavior is still controversial. With modified ultimatum games, a recent study (...

In the ultimatum game (UG), two players are involved to bargain over a division of a given sum of money. The proposer makes an ultimatum offer of a fraction of money, while the responder can either accept or reject the proposer's decision. In case of rejection of the proposed splitting by the responder, neither player gets anything. Adverse psychological reactions are deemed to play a role in t...

Greater group identification and higher levels of procedural justice typically work together to encourage group members to engage in group-serving cooperative behavior. However, when people who already identify with a group receive information indicating that the group is procedurally unjust, their motivation to engage in groupserving behavior may increase. This article reports two studies in w...

A study has been carried out in England entitled “Comparison of A Level and UKCAT performance in students applying to UK medical and dental schools in 2006: cohort study”. The results of the study published in the British Medical Journal 1 show that in the UK Clinical Aptitude Test (UKCAT), the equivalent to our own HPAT, boys score better than girls, even with similar A Level results. The ...

In a paper from EuroCrypt’99, Damg̊ard, Kilian and Salvail show various positive and negative results on constructing Bit Commitment (BC) and Oblivious Transfer (OT) from Unfair Noisy Channels (UNC), i.e., binary symmetric channels where the error rate is only known to be in a certain interval [γ..δ] and can be chosen adversarily. They also introduce a related primitive called PassiveUNC. We pro...

Africa is quickly becoming a destination for information technology in the form of tons of used computers, fax machines, cell phones, and other electronics. Although many of these machines can be repaired and resold, up to 75% of the electronics shipped to Africa is junk. This equipment, when dumped, may leach lead, mercury, and cadmium into the environment; when burned, it may release carcinog...

Unfairness plays an important role in economic decision making. This fMRI study sought to investigate how the loss and the gain contexts could modulate behavioral and brain responses to unfairness by focusing on participants' rejection behaviors during an Ultimatum Game paradigm. Participants were scanned while they were playing the Ultimatum Game as responders in both loss and gain contexts, i...

Adina Preda and Kristin Voigt should be commended for bridging the gap between moral philosophy and health policy. While I am convinced by much of their analysis of what they call the Health Equity as Social Change (HESC) model, I am not certain they are correct to claim that " in the HESC model, 'avoidability' appears as both a necessary and sufficient condition for health inequity " (Preda an...

Although attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been linked to emotion dysregulation, few studies have experimentally investigated this whilst controlling for the effects of comorbid conduct disorder (CD). Economic decision-making games that assess how individuals respond to offers varying in fairness have been used to study emotion regulation. The present study compared adolescent...