Underground trees are a rare clonal growth form. In this survey we describe the branching pattern and estimate the age of the underground tree Jacaranda decurrens Cham. (Bignoniaceae), an endangered species from the Brazilian Cerrado, with a crown diameter of 22 meters. The mean age calculated for the individual was 3,801 years, making it one of the oldest known living Neotropical plants.

Underground nuclear explosions trigger significant earthquake activity for at least 32 hours afterward and to distances up to at least 860 kilometers. The proposed Amchitka test may be used to study the feasibility of employing high-yield underground nuclear explosions to release stresses accumulating in the lithosphere. Periodical explosions along active fault zones may be used to prevent disa...

The choice of transportation system has an important impact on the production efficiency and economic behavior underground mines. Trackless vehicle gradually become main method in mines because mining companies have realized that can be improved using advanced mechanization automation process. extracted ore is loaded onto trucks by loaders situ, then drive to passes for unloading Trucks load un...

Transportation and traffic issues in every city are just reflection of bad land-use planning organization. To alleviate Egypt's severe congestion, development initiatives have recently sprung up, particularly the fields transportation roads. This article discusses answer to question, which will an impact on surrounding urban environment, especially case replacing old means with a modern that ha...

After a short introduction to solar neutrino physics, this paper describes the design concept and expected performance of the Borexino underground detector at Gran Sasso. Low background results from the Counting Test Facility, the rst phase of the Borexino project, are summarized.

........................................................................................................................................................

Fan fiction has long been a nearly invisible form of outsider art, but over the past decade it has grown exponentially in volume and in legal importance. Because of its nature, authorship, and underground status, fan fiction stands at an intersection of key issues regarding property, sexuality, and gender. In Fan Fiction and Copyright, author Aaron Schwabach examines various types of fan-create...