The adversarial tort system in the United States is a significant burden on the economy and its cost exceeds 2% of the gross domestic product (GDP). These costs have grown 4 times faster than the US economy between 1930 and 1994.1 In the next few years, tort costs could increase twice as fast as the economy, going from $200 billion in 2001 to $298 billion, or 2.4% of GDP, by 2005.2 The current ...

The problem of tax evasion arises in an economy in which every taxpayer regards the output of the public sector as independent of her actions and the taxpayer can be audited by the public authority and fined, if found guilty. Earlier contributions to the study of tax evasion in a game-theoretical framework include Sandmo (1981), Reinganum and Wilde (1985, 1986), Graetz et al. (1986), Greenberg ...

187 I N Latin America and around the world, small and medium enterprises (SMEs) comprise a large share of firms, employment, and gross domestic product (GDP). A new World Bank database on SMEs (defined as firms employing up to 250 workers) suggests that they employ nearly 50 percent of the labor force in the formal economy in Mexico; nearly 60 percent in Ecuador and Brazil; around 70 percent in...

the frequent occurrence of currency crises in recent years brought the early warning literature back in the researchers spotlight. in recent years, concept of an early warning system (ews) developed that should be able to identify various costly events, such as currency crises, early enough for policy makers to reduce the costs. this study attempted by using iran's economy quarterly data d...

HE increased integration of the world’s monetary, fiscal, and trade policies has led to a growing need for the international harmonization of economic statistics. Accordingly, the System of National Accounts 1993 (SNA) was developed by the international community in order to facilitate international comparisons of national economic statistics and to serve as a guide for countries as they develo...

That there is a relationship between population migration and development is axiomatic. Just what that relationship might be and how migration affects development, and development migration, is not, however, at all clear. Neither must it be assumed that migration and development are independent variables. This writer has maintained that migration is an integral part of development and the one c...

Work stress is recognized globally as a social determinant of worker health. Therefore we explored whether work stress related factors explained national differences in health and productivity (gross domestic product (GDP)). We proposed a national worker health productivity model whereby macro market power factors (i.e. union density), influence national worker health and GDP via work psychosoc...