Near Field Communication (NFC) technology allows for the implementation of novel contactless payment systems in stationary retail. In this paper, we quantitatively analyze the impact of such systems on a retailer's payment costs on the example of real-world data from a Swiss food retailer. Our results indicate that the introduction of contactless payment under current card fee models would in v...

Introduced into the Social Security program in 1939, spouse and survivor benefits have important implications for the retirement experience of women. At the end of 2005, 12.9 million women Social Security beneficiaries aged 62 or older (59 percent) received at least part of their benefit as wives or widows of entitled workers.1 For these women, a spouse or widow benefit provided a larger paymen...

the protection of households against catastrophic medical payment always has been one of the most important objectives in any health care system. this study assessed the performance of iranian health insurance schemes in protection the patients against catastrophic medical payment. this is an analytical study which performed in a cross sectional design on 400 patients that hospitalized in selec...

Some manufacturers impose a time-based contract on their suppliers under which each supplier is paid only when all of the suppliers have completed their tasks. We investigate whether or not the manufacturer ought to demand such a delayed payment contract. In our model with one manufacturer and two suppliers, we compare the impact of both a delayed payment regime and a no delayed payment regime ...

Despite the fact that waterjets have become relatively extensively used for industrial cleaning, and are beginning to find increasing use in mining and civil excavation, little is reported on the risks associated with the use of this new tool to the operator. Regulations on the use of waterjets do not indicate an awareness of the relatively low pressures necessary to inject fluid under the skin...

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