This section covers information, where available, on microbial kinetics and relevant safety considerations when ultraviolet (UV) radiation is used for the purposes of food preservation. The section pays particular attention to the growing interest in using UV light to treat fruit juices, especially apple juice and cider. It does not include pulsed UV, which is being actively investigated by Dr....

Surface engineering of TiO2 nanobelts by the controlled assembly of functional heterostructures represents an effective approach for the synthesis of high-performance photocatalysts. In this study, we prepared a novel Bi2O3/Bi4Ti3O12/TiO2 double-heterostructured nanobelt by depositing bismuth hydroxide onto the TiO2 nanobelt surface. A thermal annealing treatment led to the formation of a Bi4Ti...

We demonstrate the application of linear arrays of ultraviolet light emitting diodes (UV LEDs) at the wavelengths of 280 nm and 340 nm to the acquisition of fluorescence spectra from single particles in realtime. A compact optical system and custom electronics are employed to produce a compact, standalone biosensor. The detection sensitivity of the UV LED system is established using the biofluo...

Six uvr mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae with hypersensitivity to ultraviolet (UV) light were isolated after mutagen treatment with ethylmethanesulfonate. UV sensitivity ranges from moderate to extreme, and four of the mutants are also sensitive to nitrous acid. Ranking in terms of UV sensitivity does not parallel ranking in terms of nitrous acid sensitivity. Homozygous diploid mutant strain...

High birefringence (Dn 0.4) liquid crystals (LCs) are desirable for cholesteric displays, laser beam steering and optical switches for telecommunications [1]. A major concern for the high birefringence LCs is their ultraviolet (UV) stability. As the conjugation length increases, the LC absorption tail shifts toward k 1⁄4 365 nm, the major UV light used for curing sealant. The material degradati...

Ultraviolet light (UV) is a recognized disinfection alternative to chlorine and ozone in many applications from drinking water to wastewater treatment. UV provides effective disinfection without production of problematic disinfection byproducts. Information on the mechanism and application of UV for drinking water disinfection is presented. Advantages and disadvantages of the technique are disc...

Introduction: Ultraviolet index (UVI) is a dimensionless scale, which describes the maximum intensity and biologic effects of UV during a specific time, on surface of the earth. The UVI is  an  international  standard measurement of  the  strength  of sunburn  producing ultraviolet radiation at a particular place and time. This index is an easy and understandable concept for pr...

A considerable reduction in stratospheric ozone concentration above different latitudes due to the increased ultraviolet-B radiation has been reported by NASA experts. The enhanced ultraviolet radiation affects major metabolic processes in living organisms and causes damages to many organic molecules including DNA. Deep understanding of ultraviolet-B rays impact on plants and animals, is a matt...

Ultraviolet-B radiation is an important component of the environment, acting as an ecophysiological factor with the potential to alter plant growth and photosynthesis. Plant response to UV-B is effectively regulated by photo protective mechanisms that dissipate excess radiation. At the morphological & physiological level these photo repair mechanisms and antioxidant responses mop up reactive ox...

The spectrum of two-point functions in a holographic renormalization group flow from an ultraviolet (UV) to an infrared (IR) conformal fixed point is necessarily continuous. For a toy model, the spectral function does not only show the expected UV and IR behaviours, but other interesting features such as sharp peaks and oscillations in the UV. The spectral functions for the SU(3)×U(1) flow in A...