The tremendous costs of conflict have made humans resourceful not only at warfare but also at peacemaking. Although third parties have acted as peacemakers since the dawn of history, little is known about voluntary, informal third-party intervention in conflict. Here we introduce the Peacemaker Game, a novel experimental paradigm, to model and study the interdependence between disputants and th...

Techniques from corpus linguistics are applied to the analysis of a number of European right-wing parties in an effort to extend methods for ranking parties on a left-right spectrum within and across countries and languages. Focus is placed on parties not in government, and analysis is derived from corpora derived from election manifestos published by those parties. The techniques applied are o...

The political media communication system began to develop, in a first phase, the two decades after Second World War, this period being called by Blumler and Kavanagh (1999) as "the golden age of parties" or “the newspapers”. In 1960s, new stage evolution systems began, when few national televisions put monopoly on market, becoming dominant medium which unfolded. This was named television era" m...

Abstract The aim of this paper is to analyze the protection offered parties, participants and third parties during enforcement, as one most important requirements enforcement procedure. Having in mind that bailiffs except for implementing they are also competent determine means by which creditors’ claims will be fulfilled. realization does not mean use any kind measure or procedural activity. I...

We examine the characteristics and relative strength of third-party sanctions in a series of experiments. We hypothesize that egalitarian distribution norms and cooperation norms apply in our experiments, and that third parties, whose economic payoff is unaffected by the norm violation, may be willing to enforce these norms although the enforcement is costly for them. Almost two-thirds of the t...

The law of fiduciary duty is as old common law. It the key element equity. agency relationship creates a between parties, which means that (agent) subject to direction one on whose behalf he acts (principal). This high standard conduct – in scope has become separate liability form countries and appeared not only company but other parts civil well. paper presents development basic elements field...

Social capital is seen here as part of the overall resource base of a firm. One part of social capital is positional advantage in a network. It is established on the basis of relational competence. Third parties can help in the development of social capital by offering their relational competence, in playing one or more of six roles: the roles of the gobetween. Transaction cost economics recogn...

The juvenile justice system as a legal efforcement to guarantee the rights of children who conflict with law. mechanism for criminal against is carried out through diversion involving judicial officials. However, problems arise in enforcing engaged Jinayah cases. It because case must obey qanun implemented Aceh. punishment given perpetrators can be form flogging or imprisonment. For child, that...