One branch of plant immunity is mediated through nucleotide-binding/Leu-rich repeat (NB-LRR) family proteins that recognize specific effectors encoded by pathogens. Members of the I2-like family constitute a well-conserved subgroup of NB-LRRs from Solanaceae possessing a coiled-coil (CC) domain at their N termini. We show here that the CC domains of several I2-like proteins are able to induce a...

Concerns have been raised over the use of iodine for disinfecting drinking water on extended space flights. Most fears revolve around effects of iodide on thyroid function. iodine (I2) is the form used in drinking-water disinfection. Risk assessments have treated the various forms of iodine as if they were toxicologically equivalent. Recent experiments conducted in rats found that administratio...

BACKGROUND Dynamic interspinous spacers, such as X-stop, Coflex, DIAM, and Aperius, are widely used for the treatment of lumbar spinal stenosis. However, controversy remains as to whether dynamic interspinous spacer use is superior to traditional decompressive surgery. METHODS Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library, and the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register were searched during August 2013. A tr...

The papers [20], [10], [9], [11], [4], [1], [2], [17], [8], [19], [7], [16], [13], [21], [22], [5], [18], [3], [15], [6], and [23] provide the terminology and notation for this paper. For simplicity, we adopt the following convention: i, i1, i2, i3, j, a, b, x denote integers, d, e, n denote natural numbers, f , f ′ denote finite sequences of elements of Z, g, g1, g2 denote finite sequences of ...

Potatoes are a high-value crop with shallow root system and high fertilizer requirements. The primary emphasis in potato production is minimizing nitrogen-leaching losses from the zone through fertigation. Therefore, field experiment was conducted for two consecutive years, 2018–2019 2019–2020 to assess effect of nitrogen irrigation amount frequency on tuber yield, water balance components prod...

En el proceso de adquisición destrezas motrices la práctica es un elemento fundamental por que facilita aprendizaje, esta puede ser dos tipos: física o mental. El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar tamaño efecto (PF), mental (PM) y combinada (PC), a lo largo retención en desempeño las motrices, utilizando enfoque metaanalítico análisis posibles variables moderadoras. Se utilizó modelo...

Choline-binding modules are present in some virulence factors and many other proteins of Streptococcus pneumoniae (Pneumococcus). The most extensively studied choline-binding module is C-LytA, the C-terminal moiety of the pneumococcal cell-wall amidase LytA. The three-dimensional structure of C-LytA is built up from six loop-hairpin structures forming a left-handed beta-solenoid with four choli...

Hybrid perovskites form an emerging family of exceptional light harvesting compounds. However, the mechanism underpinning their photovoltaic effect is still far from understood, which is impeded by a lack of clarity on their structures. Here we show that iodide ions in the methylammonium lead iodide migrate via interstitial sites at temperatures above 280 K. This coincides with temperature depe...

Two subtypes of beta-adrenoceptors, beta 1 and beta 2, mediate cardiac catecholamine effects. These two types differ qualitatively, e.g., regarding G protein coupling and calcium channel stimulation. Transgenic mice overexpressing human beta 2-adrenoceptors survive high-expression levels, unlike mice overexpressing beta 1-adrenoceptors. We examined the role of inhibitory Gi proteins, known to b...

This article reports the phase behavior determi-nation of a system forming reverse liquid crystals and the formation of novel disperse systems in the two-phase region. The studied system is formed by water, cyclohexane, and Pluronic L-121, an amphiphilic block copolymer considered of special interest due to its aggregation and structural properties. This system forms reverse cubic (I2) and reve...