In this paper we show how combining fuzzy sets and reinforcement learning a winning agent can be created for the popular Pac-man game. Key elements are the classification of the state into a few fuzzy classes that makes the problem manageable. Pac-man policy is defined in terms of fuzzy actions that are defuzzified to produce the actual Pac-man move. A few heuristics allow making the Pac-man st...

We introduce a type-2 fuzzy logic system (FLS), which can handle rule uncertainties. The implementation of this type-2 FLS involves the operations of fuzzification, inference, and output processing. We focus on “output processing,” which consists of type reduction and defuzzification. Type-reduction methods are extended versions of type-1 defuzzification methods. Type reduction captures more in...

This paper proposes a rule base compression method for fuzzy systems. The method is based on filtration of rules with identical linguistic values for the output that are known as non-monotonic rules. The filtration removes the redundant computations in the fuzzy inference with respect to the crisp values of the inputs to the fuzzy system. The method identifies the redundant rules after fuzzific...

The present work describes a new approach to integrating structural knowledge into the image classification process. First, a fuzzy classifier produces a fuzzy partition of the image. Then, the defuzzified (crisp) partition is tried to be improved. According to the membership degrees in the fuzzy partition, the system selects a set of pixels and associates a set of candidate classes with each o...

It is the purpose of this paper to investigate the integrated cost minimizing strategy with supplier’s trade credits offer under fuzzy environment. Supplier permits the retailer a certain fixed period to settle the amount owed to him for the items supplied. Expressions for average integrated inventory cost in fuzzy sense are derived Signed Distance Method is used to defuzzified total fuzzy cost...

In this study, we develop fuzzy adaptive tracking control via two-layer fuzzy observers, variable structure systems (VSS), and H∞ control algorithm for nonlinear systems with plant uncertainties, output delays, and external disturbances. The Takagi–Sugeno fuzzy dynamic model with adaptation capability is used to approximate the nonlinear system. When the system states are not available, the sta...

We offer criteria for the existence of positive solutions for two-point right focal eigenvalue problems (−1) n−p y Δ n (t) = λ f (t, y(σ n−1 (t)), y Δ (σ n−2 (t)),..., y Δ p−1 (σ n−p (t))), t ∈ [0,1] ∩ T, y Δ i (0) = 0, 0 ≤ i ≤ p − 1, y Δ i (σ(1)) = 0, p ≤ i ≤ n − 1, where λ > 0, n ≥ 2,1 ≤ p ≤ n − 1 are fixed and T is a time scale.

Spatially resolved electron-energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) is performed at diffuse interfaces between MoS2 and MoSe2 single layers. With a monochromated electron source (20 meV) we successfully probe excitons near the interface by obtaining the low loss spectra at the nanometer scale. The exciton maps clearly show variations even with a 10 nm separation between measurements; consequently, the ...

Experimental results for the susceptibility, magnetization, specific heat, 4f occupation number, Hall effect, and magnetoresistance for single crystals of the intermediate valence (IV) compound YbAl3 show that, in addition to the Kondo temperature scale T(K) approximately 670 K, there is a low temperature scale T(coh) approximately 30-40 K for the onset of Fermi liquid coherence. Furthermore, t...